Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Independent and Additive Effects of Glutamic Acid and Methionine on Yeast Longevity

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079319

Figure Lengend Snippet: Composition of synthetic defined (SD) medium used for yeast CLS analysis.

Article Snippet: We first examined whether ratio of essential amino acids (EAA) to non-essential amino acids (NEAA) caused chronological lifespan (CLS) alteration.

Techniques:

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Independent and Additive Effects of Glutamic Acid and Methionine on Yeast Longevity

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079319

Figure Lengend Snippet: Survival curves of wild type yeast (BY4742) were cultured in SD media with different ratios of EAA (0.2 to 5 fold) and NEAA (0.2 to 5 fold) in normal (2% glucose, A ) and glucose restriction (0.5% glucose, B ) conditions. The normalized lifespan and biomass comparison were presented in C and D , respectively. All tests were based on SD media. 1E5N represents SD medium containing 1-fold EAA and 5-fold NEAA. The EAA and NEAA compositions and concentrations (1 fold) were listed in Table 1 . Area under the survival curve (AUC) represents the survival integral for lifespan comparison and AUC of the control (1E1N with 2% glucose) was defined as 100%. Biomass production was measured as the average values at OD660 of each medium from day 6 to day 10 and biomass of the standard SD medium (1E1N with 2% glucose) was defined as 100%. Lifespan and biomass: mean ± s.e.m (n = 4); compared using Duncan’s multiple range test at P <0.01 and different lowercase letters in columns indicate significant difference.

Article Snippet: We first examined whether ratio of essential amino acids (EAA) to non-essential amino acids (NEAA) caused chronological lifespan (CLS) alteration.

Techniques: Cell Culture, Comparison, Control

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Independent and Additive Effects of Glutamic Acid and Methionine on Yeast Longevity

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079319

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Ratio of EAA and NEAA was able to prevent yeast proliferation. ( B ) Reduction of yeast EAAs (leucine, lysine, uracil, histidine) inhibited cells growth and biomass production. ( C ) Increase of individual amino acids does not affect yeast growth. Wild type yeast (BY4742) (≈ 1×10 4 cells) cells were grown in each well of 96-well microplate containing 100 µL of different media. The cell population was monitored with a microplate reader by recording the OD every 5 min at 660 nm. All tests were based on SD media. 1E5N represents SD medium containing 1-fold EAA and 5-fold NEAA.

Article Snippet: We first examined whether ratio of essential amino acids (EAA) to non-essential amino acids (NEAA) caused chronological lifespan (CLS) alteration.

Techniques:

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Independent and Additive Effects of Glutamic Acid and Methionine on Yeast Longevity

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079319

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) EAA and NEAA composition slightly altered the pH of media. ( B ) The pH of aging media at stationary phase (day 2) was dependent on glucose, EAA and NEAA in media. Differences in means of the pH values of different media under normal or CR conditions, respectively, were analyzed by Duncan’s multiple range test at P <0.01. ( C ) Acetic acid concentrations in aging media (day 2) was changed by modifications of glucose, EAA and NEAA in media. Datum 0 means not detectable. The pH values of the different fresh media (day 0) were measured once. Acetic acid and pH values (day 2) were expressed as mean ± s.d. (n = 3).

Article Snippet: We first examined whether ratio of essential amino acids (EAA) to non-essential amino acids (NEAA) caused chronological lifespan (CLS) alteration.

Techniques:

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Independent and Additive Effects of Glutamic Acid and Methionine on Yeast Longevity

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079319

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Deletion of GCN2 rather than other genes prevented 1E5N induced lifespan extension. AUC of each strain in the 1E1N medium was defined as 100%, respectively. Differences of the means of AUC% between 1E1N and 1E5N were determined by t-test. ( B ) Methionine and glutamic acid had distinct effects on lifespan regulation in gcn2 Δ and sch9 Δ. AUC of each strain in the control medium (Normal, or 1E1N) was defined as 100%, respectively. Differences of the means of AUC among normal, high glutamic acid (20× Glu) and low methionine (0.1× Met) were determined by Duncan’s multiple range test at P <0.01. ( C ) Deletion of GCN2 was more effective than that of SCH9 to impaired lifespan extension by the combination (0.1× Met + 20× Glu). AUC of each strain in the control (the four basic conditions: 1E1N or 1E5N with 0.5 or 2 % glucose) medium was defined as 100%, respectively. In most cases, significant difference was achieved between the combination and the control. All tests were based on SD media. 1E5N represents SD medium containing 1-fold EAA and 5-fold NEAA. Data are expressed as mean ± s.e.m. (n = 6). The survival curves are presented in .

Article Snippet: We first examined whether ratio of essential amino acids (EAA) to non-essential amino acids (NEAA) caused chronological lifespan (CLS) alteration.

Techniques: Control