Journal: Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity

Article Title: Long-Term Administration of Abacavir and Etravirine Impairs Semen Quality and Alters Redox System and Bone Metabolism in Growing Male Wistar Rats.

doi: 10.1155/2021/5596090

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 6: Representative slides of the expression of the MCM-7 protein in the immunohistochemical examination of testes: negative control (a), in the control group (b), the group receiving abacavir (c), and the group receiving etravirine (d). ×20 magnification.

Article Snippet: The groups were organized as follows: (i) The control group (group C) received a 0.9% saline solution in a volume of 4ml/kg (ii) The AB group received abacavir at a dose of 60mg/kg (Ziagen, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA) suspended in a 0.9% saline solution in a volume of 4ml/kg (iii) The ET group received etravirine at a dose of 40mg/kg (Etravirine, Biosynth Carbosynth, UK) suspended in a 0.9% saline solution in a volume of 4ml/kg According to the recommended 3Rs rule [50], to minimize the number of animals in the study, the impact of drugs used in monotherapy was evaluated, not the drug combination.

Techniques: Expressing, Immunohistochemical staining, Negative Control, Control

Journal: Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity

Article Title: Long-Term Administration of Abacavir and Etravirine Impairs Semen Quality and Alters Redox System and Bone Metabolism in Growing Male Wistar Rats.

doi: 10.1155/2021/5596090

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 8: Selected cross-sections of testes (immunohistochemistry) for the glutathione expression: negative control (a), in the control group (b), the group receiving abacavir (c), and the group receiving etravirine (d). ×20 magnification.

Article Snippet: The groups were organized as follows: (i) The control group (group C) received a 0.9% saline solution in a volume of 4ml/kg (ii) The AB group received abacavir at a dose of 60mg/kg (Ziagen, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA) suspended in a 0.9% saline solution in a volume of 4ml/kg (iii) The ET group received etravirine at a dose of 40mg/kg (Etravirine, Biosynth Carbosynth, UK) suspended in a 0.9% saline solution in a volume of 4ml/kg According to the recommended 3Rs rule [50], to minimize the number of animals in the study, the impact of drugs used in monotherapy was evaluated, not the drug combination.

Techniques: Immunohistochemistry, Expressing, Negative Control, Control

Journal: Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity

Article Title: Long-Term Administration of Abacavir and Etravirine Impairs Semen Quality and Alters Redox System and Bone Metabolism in Growing Male Wistar Rats.

doi: 10.1155/2021/5596090

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 11: Sample images from the histopathologic examination of the liver (a–c) and kidneys (d–f) in the control group (a, d), the abacavir- receiving group (b, e), and the etravirine-receiving group (c, f).

Article Snippet: The groups were organized as follows: (i) The control group (group C) received a 0.9% saline solution in a volume of 4ml/kg (ii) The AB group received abacavir at a dose of 60mg/kg (Ziagen, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA) suspended in a 0.9% saline solution in a volume of 4ml/kg (iii) The ET group received etravirine at a dose of 40mg/kg (Etravirine, Biosynth Carbosynth, UK) suspended in a 0.9% saline solution in a volume of 4ml/kg According to the recommended 3Rs rule [50], to minimize the number of animals in the study, the impact of drugs used in monotherapy was evaluated, not the drug combination.

Techniques: Control

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: HIV-Tat Exacerbates the Actions of Atazanavir, Efavirenz, and Ritonavir on Cardiac Ryanodine Receptor (RyR2)

doi: 10.3390/ijms24010274

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ): Effects of Tat (HIV-Tat), abacavir (ABC) , atazanavir (ATV), bictegravir (BIC), efavirenz (EFV), tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), Rilpivirine (RPV), ritonavir (RTV), and the prototype ligand ryanodine on equilibrium [ 3 H]ryanodine binding to RyR2. For these experiments, sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane vesicles isolated from bovine hearts were incubated in a buffer containing 500 mM KCl 20 mM Tris·HCl, 0.03 mM Ca 2+ , and 6.7 nM [ 3 H]ryanodine, with a pH of 7.4 and with varying concentrations of HIV-Tat, ABC, ATV, BIC, EFV, TDF, RPV, RTV, and the prototype ligand ryanodine for 2 h at 37 °C. After this, the samples were filtered, and the [ 3 H]ryanodine bound to filter paper was measured. The graphs show that HIV-Tat, ATV, and RTV dose-dependently enhanced equilibrium [ 3 H]ryanodine binding to RyR2, while EFV dose-dependently attenuated equilibrium [ 3 H]ryanodine binding to RyR2. ABC, BIC, and TDF, and RPV had no significant effect on equilibrium [ 3 H]ryanodine binding to RyR2. The data shown for each compound are from n > 5 separate experiments carried out using at least three different sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane preparations. The curves were fitted using the binding analysis program Prism 9.0 (GraphPad Inc, San Diego, CA). ( B ): Effects of Tat (HIV-Tat) on equilibrium [ 3 H]ryanodine binding to RyR2 by ATV, EFV, and RTV. For these experiments, sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane vesicles were incubated with HIV-Tat (7 ng/mL) for 10 min at 37 °C in a buffer containing 500 mM KCl 20 mM Tris·HCl, 0.03 mM Ca 2+ , and 6.7 nM [ 3 H]ryanodine (pH 7.4). After this, varying concentrations of ATV, EFV, and RTV were added to the samples, and incubation continued for another 2 h at 37 °C. The samples were then filtered, and the [ 3 H]ryanodine bound to filter paper was measured. The graphs show that the preincubation of sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles with HIV-Tat shifted the equilibrium [ 3 H]ryanodine binding curves of ATV, EFV, and RTV leftwards. Data shown are from n > 5 separate experiments done using at least three different sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane preparations. The curves were fitted using the binding analysis program Prism 9.0 (GraphPad Inc, San Diego, CA, USA).

Article Snippet: Abacavir (ABC), bictegravir (BIC), rilpivirine (RPV), and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate were purchased from Boc Sciences (Shirley, NY, USA).

Techniques: Binding Assay, Membrane, Isolation, Incubation

Journal: eLife

Article Title: Golgi localized β1-adrenergic receptors stimulate Golgi PI4P hydrolysis by PLCε to regulate cardiac hypertrophy

doi: 10.7554/eLife.48167

Figure Lengend Snippet: NRVMs were transduced with FAPP-PH-GFP and stimulated with norepinephrine (10 μM) in the presence of corticosterone (100 μM, ( A ), abacavir (10 μM, ( B ), lamotrigine (10 μM, ( C ) or Dyngo (40 μM, ( D ). Data are not significant between norepinephrine and norepinephrine + Dyngo. Images were collected as in for PI4P hydrolysis (N = 3) were from at least 4 cells each from separate preparations of NRVMs. Agonists were added where indicated by the arrow. ( E ) Dyngo has no effect on NES-Venus-mini-Gs Golgi recruitment by norepinephrine. Representative image of norepinephrine-mediated NES-Venus-mini-Gs recruitment in the presence of Dyngo (40 μM). (N = 3) Scale bars are 10 μm. ( F ) NRVMs were transduced with adenovirus containing FRB-CFP-Nb80 and FKBP-GalT-mApple along with adenovirus containing FAPP-PH-GFP for 24 hr prior to experimentation. NRVMs were incubated with either rapamycin (1 μM) or DMSO control for 15 min prior to addition of NE (10 μM) added at the arrow. Images were collected as in for PI4P hydrolysis and were from at least n = 10 cells each from three separate preparations of NRVMs. Data were analyzed as means from N = 3 experiments. 10.7554/eLife.48167.020 Figure 5—source data 1. NE requires membrane transport by OCT3 and Golgi resident βARs to stimulate PI4P hydrolysis.

Article Snippet: Chemical compound, drug , Abacavir , Tocris , 4148 , OCT3 blocker.

Techniques: Transduction, Incubation, Control, Membrane

Journal: eLife

Article Title: Golgi localized β1-adrenergic receptors stimulate Golgi PI4P hydrolysis by PLCε to regulate cardiac hypertrophy

doi: 10.7554/eLife.48167

Figure Lengend Snippet: Freshly isolated mouse AVMs were infected with FAPP-PH-GFP (100 MOI) for 24 hr. ( A ) representative image of an AVM expressing FAPP-PH-GFP showing strong labeling surrounding the nucleus. ( B ) FAPP-PH-GFP expressing AVMs were treated with either dob or PBS control as indicated and were imaged as for NRVMs as in for PI4P hydrolysis. Fluorescence intensity in the region surrounding the nucleus was quantitated at 5 min intervals. C ) AVMs were treated with PBS control, NE (10 μM) or NE plus abacavir and analyzed as in B. Data for B and C are from at least n = 3 cells each from three separate preparations of AVMs. Data were analyzed as means from N = 3 experiments. 10.7554/eLife.48167.023 Figure 6—source data 1. NE-Stimulated PI4P hydrolysis in adult cardiac myocytes requires OCT3.

Article Snippet: Chemical compound, drug , Abacavir , Tocris , 4148 , OCT3 blocker.

Techniques: Isolation, Infection, Expressing, Labeling, Control, Fluorescence

Journal: eLife

Article Title: Golgi localized β1-adrenergic receptors stimulate Golgi PI4P hydrolysis by PLCε to regulate cardiac hypertrophy

doi: 10.7554/eLife.48167

Figure Lengend Snippet:

Article Snippet: Chemical compound, drug , Abacavir , Tocris , 4148 , OCT3 blocker.

Techniques: Isolation, Recombinant, Marker, Expressing, Transfection, Construct, shRNA, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay