Journal: Nutrients

Article Title: The Preventive and Curative Effects of Lactobacillus reuteri NK33 and Bifidobacterium adolescentis NK98 on Immobilization Stress-Induced Anxiety/Depression and Colitis in Mice

doi: 10.3390/nu11040819

Figure Lengend Snippet: Lactobacillus reuteri NK33 and Bifidobacterium adolescentis NK98 inhibited NF-κB activation ( A ) and IL-6 expression in LPS-treated BV-2 cells ( B ). Cells (1 × 10 6 /mL) were incubated with NK33 or NK98 (1 × 10 4 or 1 × 10 6 CFU/mL) in the presence of LPS for 90 min (for NF-κB) or 20 h (for IL-6). IL-6 was measured with an ELISA kit. p-p65 and p65 (NF-κB) were measured by immunoblotting. Data values are indicated as mean ± standard error of mean (SEM) ( n = 4). # p < 0.05 vs. group not treated with LPS; * p < 0.05 vs. LPS alone treated group. LPS, lipopolysaccharide.

Article Snippet: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits for corticosterone (E-EL-M0349) and IL-6 were purchased from Elabscience (Hebei, China) and eBioscience (San Diego, CA, USA), respectively.

Techniques: Activation Assay, Expressing, Incubation, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Western Blot

Journal: Nutrients

Article Title: The Preventive and Curative Effects of Lactobacillus reuteri NK33 and Bifidobacterium adolescentis NK98 on Immobilization Stress-Induced Anxiety/Depression and Colitis in Mice

doi: 10.3390/nu11040819

Figure Lengend Snippet: Oral administration of Lactobacillus reuteri NK33 and/or Bifidobacterium adolescentis NK98 attenuated IS-induced anxiety/depression and hippocampal inflammation in mice. ( A ) Procedure. Effects on anxiety/depression-like behaviors in elevated plus maze ( B : ( a ), OT; ( b ), OE), LDT ( C : ( a ), TL; ( b ), NT), tail suspension ( D ), and forced swimming ( E ) tasks. ( F ) Effects on hippocampal BDNF expression, and CREB and NF-κB activation. Effects on the infiltration of LPS + /CD11b + ( G ) and Iba1 + cells ( H ) into the hippocampus. Effects on blood corticosterone (CORT, I ), IL-6 ( J ), and LPS levels ( K ). Mice were exposed to IS and test agents (C, vehicle [1% maltose]; NK33, 1 × 10 9 CFU/mouse/day of NK33; NK98, 1 × 10 9 CFU/mouse/day of NK33; Mix, 1 × 10 9 CFU/mouse/day of the (1:1) mixture of NK33 and NK98]; and PC, 1 mg/kg/day of buspirone) were gavaged (for vehicle, NK33, and NK98) or intraperitoneally injected (for buspirone) daily for 5 days. Normal control group (NC), not exposed to IS, was treated with 1% maltose instead of test agents. Hippocampal p65, p-p65, CREB, p-CREB, BDNF, and β-actin were analyzed by immunoblotting. Blood IL-6, corticosterone, and LPS were assayed by ELISA kits. Iba1 + and LPS + /CD11b + cells were measured using a confocal microscope. Data values were indicated as mean ± SEM ( n = 7). # p < 0.05 vs. NC group. * p < 0.05 vs. IS alone treated group.

Article Snippet: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits for corticosterone (E-EL-M0349) and IL-6 were purchased from Elabscience (Hebei, China) and eBioscience (San Diego, CA, USA), respectively.

Techniques: Suspension, Expressing, Activation Assay, Injection, Control, Western Blot, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Microscopy

Journal: Nutrients

Article Title: The Preventive and Curative Effects of Lactobacillus reuteri NK33 and Bifidobacterium adolescentis NK98 on Immobilization Stress-Induced Anxiety/Depression and Colitis in Mice

doi: 10.3390/nu11040819

Figure Lengend Snippet: Oral administration of Lactobacillus reuteri NK33 and/or Bifidobacterium adolescentis NK98 alleviated immobilization stress (IS)-induced colitis in mice. Effects on the colon length ( A ), macroscopic score ( B ), myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity ( C ), IL-6 ( D ), IL-1β ( E ), and COX-2 expression, and NF-κB activation ( F ). Effects on the infiltration of CD11b + /CD11c + cells into the colon ( G ), fecal microbiota composition ( H ), and fecal LPS levels ( I ). First, mice were exposed to IS and test agents (C, vehicle [1% maltose]; NK33, 1 × 10 9 CFU/mouse/day of NK33; NK98, 1 × 10 9 CFU/mouse/day of NK33; Mix, 1 × 10 9 CFU/mouse/day of the (1:1) mixture of NK33 and NK98]; and PC, 1 mg/kg/day of buspirone) were gavaged (for vehicle, NK33, and NK98) or intraperitoneally injected (for buspirone) daily for 5 days. Normal control group (NC), not exposed to IS, was treated with 1% maltose instead of test agents. Colonic p65, p-p65, COX-2, and β-actin were analyzed by immunoblotting. CD11b + and CD11c + cell populations were assayed using a confocal microscope. Fecal bacteria were assayed by qPCR. Fecal LPS assayed by ELISA kit. Data values are indicated as mean ± SEM ( n = 7). # p < 0.05 vs. NC group. * p < 0.05 vs. IS group.

Article Snippet: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits for corticosterone (E-EL-M0349) and IL-6 were purchased from Elabscience (Hebei, China) and eBioscience (San Diego, CA, USA), respectively.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Expressing, Activation Assay, Injection, Control, Western Blot, Microscopy, Bacteria, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Nutrients

Article Title: The Preventive and Curative Effects of Lactobacillus reuteri NK33 and Bifidobacterium adolescentis NK98 on Immobilization Stress-Induced Anxiety/Depression and Colitis in Mice

doi: 10.3390/nu11040819

Figure Lengend Snippet: Pretreatment with Lactobacillus reuteri NK33 and/or Bifidobacterium adolescentis NK98 protected IS-induced anxiety and hippocampal inflammation in mice. ( A ) Procedure. Effects on anxiety-like behaviors in elevated plus maze ( B : ( a ), OT; ( b ), OE), LDT ( C : ( a ), TL; ( b ), NT), tail suspension ( D ), and forced swimming ( E ) tasks. ( F ) Effects on hippocampal BDNF expression and CREB and NF-κB activation. Effects on the infiltration of LPS + /CD11b + ( G ) and Iba1 + cells ( H ) into the hippocampus. Effects on blood corticoterone (CORT, I ), IL-6 ( J ), and LPS levels ( K ). Test agents (C, vehicle [1% maltose]; NK33, 1 × 10 9 CFU/mouse/day of NK33; NK98, 1 × 10 9 CFU/mouse/day of NK33; Mix, 1 × 10 9 CFU/mouse/day of the (1:1) mixture of NK33 and NK98]; and PC, 1 mg/kg/day of buspirone) were gavaged (for vehicle, NK33, and NK98) or intraperitoneally injected (for buspirone) daily for 5 days and IS then exposed to mice. Normal control group (NC), not exposed to IS, were treated with 1% maltose instead of test agents. Hippocampal p65, p-p65, CREB, p-CREB, BDNF, and β-actin were assayed by immunoblotting. Blood corticosterone, IL-6, and LPS were assayed by ELISA kits. Iba1 + and LPS + /CD11b + cells were measured using a confocal microscope. Data values are indicated as mean ± SEM ( n = 7). # p < 0.05 vs. NC group. * p < 0.05 vs. IS group.

Article Snippet: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits for corticosterone (E-EL-M0349) and IL-6 were purchased from Elabscience (Hebei, China) and eBioscience (San Diego, CA, USA), respectively.

Techniques: Suspension, Expressing, Activation Assay, Injection, Control, Western Blot, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Microscopy

Journal: Nutrients

Article Title: The Preventive and Curative Effects of Lactobacillus reuteri NK33 and Bifidobacterium adolescentis NK98 on Immobilization Stress-Induced Anxiety/Depression and Colitis in Mice

doi: 10.3390/nu11040819

Figure Lengend Snippet: Pretreatment with Lactobacillus reuteri NK33 and/or Bifidobacterium adolescentis NK98 protected IS-induced colitis in mice. Effects on colon length ( A ), macroscopic score ( B ), colonic myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity ( C ), IL-6 ( D ), IL-1β ( E ), and COX-2 expression and NF-κB activation ( F ). ( G ) Effects on the CD11b + /CD11c + cell infiltration into the colon. Effects on fecal microbiota composition ( H ) and fecal LPS levels ( I ). Test agents (C, vehicle [1% maltose]; NK33, 1 × 10 9 CFU/mouse/day of NK33; NK98, 1 × 10 9 CFU/mouse/day of NK33; Mix, 1 × 10 9 CFU/mouse/day of the (1:1) mixture of NK33 and NK98]; and PC, 1 mg/kg/day of buspirone) were gavaged (for vehicle, NK33, and NK98) or intraperitoneally injected (for buspirone) daily for 5 days and IS then exposed to mice. Normal control group (NC), not exposed to IS, were treated with 1% maltose instead of test agents. Colonic p65, p-p65, COX-2, and β-actin were analyzed by immunoblotting. CD11b + and CD11c + cells were assayed using a confocal microscope. Fecal bacteria were assayed by qPCR. Fecal LPS were assayed by ELISA kit. Data values are indicated as mean ± SEM ( n = 7). # p < 0.05 vs. NC group. * p < 0.05 vs. IS group.

Article Snippet: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits for corticosterone (E-EL-M0349) and IL-6 were purchased from Elabscience (Hebei, China) and eBioscience (San Diego, CA, USA), respectively.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Expressing, Activation Assay, Injection, Control, Western Blot, Microscopy, Bacteria, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Nutrients

Article Title: The Preventive and Curative Effects of Lactobacillus reuteri NK33 and Bifidobacterium adolescentis NK98 on Immobilization Stress-Induced Anxiety/Depression and Colitis in Mice

doi: 10.3390/nu11040819

Figure Lengend Snippet: Lactobacillus reuteri NK33 and Bifidobacterium adolescentis NK98 inhibited NF-κB activation ( A ) and IL-6 expression in LPS-treated BV-2 cells ( B ). Cells (1 × 10 6 /mL) were incubated with NK33 or NK98 (1 × 10 4 or 1 × 10 6 CFU/mL) in the presence of LPS for 90 min (for NF-κB) or 20 h (for IL-6). IL-6 was measured with an ELISA kit. p-p65 and p65 (NF-κB) were measured by immunoblotting. Data values are indicated as mean ± standard error of mean (SEM) ( n = 4). # p < 0.05 vs. group not treated with LPS; * p < 0.05 vs. LPS alone treated group. LPS, lipopolysaccharide.

Article Snippet: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits for corticosterone (E-EL-M0349) and IL-6 were purchased from Elabscience (Hebei, China) and eBioscience (San Diego, CA, USA), respectively.

Techniques: Activation Assay, Expressing, Incubation, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Western Blot

Journal: Nutrients

Article Title: The Preventive and Curative Effects of Lactobacillus reuteri NK33 and Bifidobacterium adolescentis NK98 on Immobilization Stress-Induced Anxiety/Depression and Colitis in Mice

doi: 10.3390/nu11040819

Figure Lengend Snippet: Oral administration of Lactobacillus reuteri NK33 and/or Bifidobacterium adolescentis NK98 attenuated IS-induced anxiety/depression and hippocampal inflammation in mice. ( A ) Procedure. Effects on anxiety/depression-like behaviors in elevated plus maze ( B : ( a ), OT; ( b ), OE), LDT ( C : ( a ), TL; ( b ), NT), tail suspension ( D ), and forced swimming ( E ) tasks. ( F ) Effects on hippocampal BDNF expression, and CREB and NF-κB activation. Effects on the infiltration of LPS + /CD11b + ( G ) and Iba1 + cells ( H ) into the hippocampus. Effects on blood corticosterone (CORT, I ), IL-6 ( J ), and LPS levels ( K ). Mice were exposed to IS and test agents (C, vehicle [1% maltose]; NK33, 1 × 10 9 CFU/mouse/day of NK33; NK98, 1 × 10 9 CFU/mouse/day of NK33; Mix, 1 × 10 9 CFU/mouse/day of the (1:1) mixture of NK33 and NK98]; and PC, 1 mg/kg/day of buspirone) were gavaged (for vehicle, NK33, and NK98) or intraperitoneally injected (for buspirone) daily for 5 days. Normal control group (NC), not exposed to IS, was treated with 1% maltose instead of test agents. Hippocampal p65, p-p65, CREB, p-CREB, BDNF, and β-actin were analyzed by immunoblotting. Blood IL-6, corticosterone, and LPS were assayed by ELISA kits. Iba1 + and LPS + /CD11b + cells were measured using a confocal microscope. Data values were indicated as mean ± SEM ( n = 7). # p < 0.05 vs. NC group. * p < 0.05 vs. IS alone treated group.

Article Snippet: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits for corticosterone (E-EL-M0349) and IL-6 were purchased from Elabscience (Hebei, China) and eBioscience (San Diego, CA, USA), respectively.

Techniques: Suspension, Expressing, Activation Assay, Injection, Control, Western Blot, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Microscopy

Journal: Nutrients

Article Title: The Preventive and Curative Effects of Lactobacillus reuteri NK33 and Bifidobacterium adolescentis NK98 on Immobilization Stress-Induced Anxiety/Depression and Colitis in Mice

doi: 10.3390/nu11040819

Figure Lengend Snippet: Oral administration of Lactobacillus reuteri NK33 and/or Bifidobacterium adolescentis NK98 alleviated immobilization stress (IS)-induced colitis in mice. Effects on the colon length ( A ), macroscopic score ( B ), myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity ( C ), IL-6 ( D ), IL-1β ( E ), and COX-2 expression, and NF-κB activation ( F ). Effects on the infiltration of CD11b + /CD11c + cells into the colon ( G ), fecal microbiota composition ( H ), and fecal LPS levels ( I ). First, mice were exposed to IS and test agents (C, vehicle [1% maltose]; NK33, 1 × 10 9 CFU/mouse/day of NK33; NK98, 1 × 10 9 CFU/mouse/day of NK33; Mix, 1 × 10 9 CFU/mouse/day of the (1:1) mixture of NK33 and NK98]; and PC, 1 mg/kg/day of buspirone) were gavaged (for vehicle, NK33, and NK98) or intraperitoneally injected (for buspirone) daily for 5 days. Normal control group (NC), not exposed to IS, was treated with 1% maltose instead of test agents. Colonic p65, p-p65, COX-2, and β-actin were analyzed by immunoblotting. CD11b + and CD11c + cell populations were assayed using a confocal microscope. Fecal bacteria were assayed by qPCR. Fecal LPS assayed by ELISA kit. Data values are indicated as mean ± SEM ( n = 7). # p < 0.05 vs. NC group. * p < 0.05 vs. IS group.

Article Snippet: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits for corticosterone (E-EL-M0349) and IL-6 were purchased from Elabscience (Hebei, China) and eBioscience (San Diego, CA, USA), respectively.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Expressing, Activation Assay, Injection, Control, Western Blot, Microscopy, Bacteria, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Nutrients

Article Title: The Preventive and Curative Effects of Lactobacillus reuteri NK33 and Bifidobacterium adolescentis NK98 on Immobilization Stress-Induced Anxiety/Depression and Colitis in Mice

doi: 10.3390/nu11040819

Figure Lengend Snippet: Pretreatment with Lactobacillus reuteri NK33 and/or Bifidobacterium adolescentis NK98 protected IS-induced anxiety and hippocampal inflammation in mice. ( A ) Procedure. Effects on anxiety-like behaviors in elevated plus maze ( B : ( a ), OT; ( b ), OE), LDT ( C : ( a ), TL; ( b ), NT), tail suspension ( D ), and forced swimming ( E ) tasks. ( F ) Effects on hippocampal BDNF expression and CREB and NF-κB activation. Effects on the infiltration of LPS + /CD11b + ( G ) and Iba1 + cells ( H ) into the hippocampus. Effects on blood corticoterone (CORT, I ), IL-6 ( J ), and LPS levels ( K ). Test agents (C, vehicle [1% maltose]; NK33, 1 × 10 9 CFU/mouse/day of NK33; NK98, 1 × 10 9 CFU/mouse/day of NK33; Mix, 1 × 10 9 CFU/mouse/day of the (1:1) mixture of NK33 and NK98]; and PC, 1 mg/kg/day of buspirone) were gavaged (for vehicle, NK33, and NK98) or intraperitoneally injected (for buspirone) daily for 5 days and IS then exposed to mice. Normal control group (NC), not exposed to IS, were treated with 1% maltose instead of test agents. Hippocampal p65, p-p65, CREB, p-CREB, BDNF, and β-actin were assayed by immunoblotting. Blood corticosterone, IL-6, and LPS were assayed by ELISA kits. Iba1 + and LPS + /CD11b + cells were measured using a confocal microscope. Data values are indicated as mean ± SEM ( n = 7). # p < 0.05 vs. NC group. * p < 0.05 vs. IS group.

Article Snippet: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits for corticosterone (E-EL-M0349) and IL-6 were purchased from Elabscience (Hebei, China) and eBioscience (San Diego, CA, USA), respectively.

Techniques: Suspension, Expressing, Activation Assay, Injection, Control, Western Blot, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Microscopy

Journal: Nutrients

Article Title: The Preventive and Curative Effects of Lactobacillus reuteri NK33 and Bifidobacterium adolescentis NK98 on Immobilization Stress-Induced Anxiety/Depression and Colitis in Mice

doi: 10.3390/nu11040819

Figure Lengend Snippet: Pretreatment with Lactobacillus reuteri NK33 and/or Bifidobacterium adolescentis NK98 protected IS-induced colitis in mice. Effects on colon length ( A ), macroscopic score ( B ), colonic myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity ( C ), IL-6 ( D ), IL-1β ( E ), and COX-2 expression and NF-κB activation ( F ). ( G ) Effects on the CD11b + /CD11c + cell infiltration into the colon. Effects on fecal microbiota composition ( H ) and fecal LPS levels ( I ). Test agents (C, vehicle [1% maltose]; NK33, 1 × 10 9 CFU/mouse/day of NK33; NK98, 1 × 10 9 CFU/mouse/day of NK33; Mix, 1 × 10 9 CFU/mouse/day of the (1:1) mixture of NK33 and NK98]; and PC, 1 mg/kg/day of buspirone) were gavaged (for vehicle, NK33, and NK98) or intraperitoneally injected (for buspirone) daily for 5 days and IS then exposed to mice. Normal control group (NC), not exposed to IS, were treated with 1% maltose instead of test agents. Colonic p65, p-p65, COX-2, and β-actin were analyzed by immunoblotting. CD11b + and CD11c + cells were assayed using a confocal microscope. Fecal bacteria were assayed by qPCR. Fecal LPS were assayed by ELISA kit. Data values are indicated as mean ± SEM ( n = 7). # p < 0.05 vs. NC group. * p < 0.05 vs. IS group.

Article Snippet: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits for corticosterone (E-EL-M0349) and IL-6 were purchased from Elabscience (Hebei, China) and eBioscience (San Diego, CA, USA), respectively.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Expressing, Activation Assay, Injection, Control, Western Blot, Microscopy, Bacteria, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay