Journal: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

Article Title: Gastrointestinal localization of metronidazole by a lactobacilli-inspired tetramic acid motif improves treatment outcomes in the hamster model of Clostridium difficile infection

doi: 10.1093/jac/dkv231

Figure Lengend Snippet: Mean agar MICs of metronidazole–tetramic acid hybrids against a panel of gut flora bacteria

Article Snippet: Bacteria Strain Mean MIC (mg/L) 1971 2344 2345 2490 metronidazole vancomycin Actinomycetes viscosus HM238 64 128 32 256 32 0.5 Bacteroides eggerthii HM210 0.5 0.5 1 1 0.25 24 Bacteroides fragilis ATCC 25285 128 96 24 256 >512 2 B. fragilis HM20 0.5 0.25 1 1.5 0.25 16 Bacteroides ovatus ATCC 8483 3 1.5 1 2 0.75 64 B. ovatus HM222 2 1.25 0.375 2 0.75 24 Bacteroides sp. HM18 0.5 0.5 1 1.5 0.5 96 Bacteroides sp. HM19 2 1.5 2 6 0.375 128 Bacteroides sp. HM23 1 1 1.25 2 0.375 96 Bacteroides sp. HM28 1.5 0.75 1.5 2 0.75 48 Lactobacillus crispatus HM421 >512 256 64 384 >512 0.5 Bifidobacterium sp. HM30 512 192 48 192 >512 0.5 Fusobacterium nucleatum HM260 1 4 10 4 0.25 >512 Fusobacterium periodonticum HM41 0.5 0.5 1.5 1.5 <0.06 192 Lactobacillus johnsonii HM 643 >512 >512 192 >512 >512 6 Porphyromonas uenonis HM130 48 16 4 48 384 3 Open in a separate window Mean agar MICs of metronidazole–tetramic acid hybrids against a panel of gut flora bacteria.

Techniques:

Journal: American Journal of Transplantation

Article Title: Brain death‐induced lung injury is complement dependent, with a primary role for the classical/lectin pathway

doi: 10.1111/ajt.16231

Figure Lengend Snippet: Complement system. The complement system can be activated through 3 different pathways: the classical pathway (CP), the lectin pathway (LP), and the alternative pathway (AP). The CP is activated by antigen‐antibody complexes binding to C1q, and the LP is activated by binding of mannose‐residues on pathogens to mannose binding lectin (MBL). Activation of either the CP or the LP cleaves C4, which leads to downstream activation of C3. The AP is continuously activated due to spontaneous C3 hydrolysis, although only on low levels due to deactivation by complement regulators. However, when activated by external stimuli such as pathogens or surface molecules, AP activation is stabilized by factor properdin (P), which leads to downstream activation of C3. All 3 activation pathways signal through C3, which is cleaved into C3a and C3b. C3b splits C5 into C5a and C5b, and subsequent generation of the membrane attack complex (MAC) C5b‐9. The MAC is the end result of complement activation, forming a pore in the cell membrane which induces cell lysis. Split products C3a and C5a are anaphylatoxins, which further stimulate the inflammatory response

Article Snippet: C3b/iC3b/C3c was detected with a biotinylated rabbit anti‐mouse polyclonal antibody against C3 (Hycult).

Techniques: Binding Assay, Activation Assay, Lysis

Journal: American Journal of Transplantation

Article Title: Brain death‐induced lung injury is complement dependent, with a primary role for the classical/lectin pathway

doi: 10.1111/ajt.16231

Figure Lengend Snippet: Systemic iC3b levels in plasma

Article Snippet: C3b/iC3b/C3c was detected with a biotinylated rabbit anti‐mouse polyclonal antibody against C3 (Hycult).

Techniques:

Journal: Journal of Innate Immunity

Article Title: TGF-β1 Impairs Vitamin D-Induced and Constitutive Airway Epithelial Host Defense Mechanisms

doi: 10.1159/000497415

Figure Lengend Snippet: Antibodies used for immunofluorescence staining

Article Snippet: Finally, cells were mounted in ProLong TM Gold Antifade Mountant (Thermo Fisher scientific) and images were acquired using a TCS SP5 Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope (Leica Microsystems B.V., Eindhoven, The Netherlands) and LAS AF Lite software (Leica Microsystems B.V.). table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 Table 2 caption a7 Antibody Supplier Catalog number Species Antibody dilution CYP24A1 Sigma HPA022261 Rabbit 1/100 pIgR R&D systems MAB27171 Mouse 1/50 P63 Abcam ab124762 Rabbit 1/100 P63 Leica NCL-P63 Mouse 1/100 sPLUNC Hycult biotech HM2314 Mouse 1/100 SLPI Hycult biotech HM2037 Mouse 1/100 Mucin 5AC Labvision neomarkers MS-145-P1 Mouse 1/1,000 CC16 Hycult biotech HM2178 Mouse 1/50 Open in a separate window pIgR, polymeric immunoglobulin receptor; SLPI, secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor.

Techniques: Immunofluorescence

Journal: Gastroenterology

Article Title: Complement and alcoholic liver disease: Role of C1q in the pathogenesis of ethanol-induced liver injury in mice

doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2010.04.041

Figure Lengend Snippet: Wild-type and C1qa-/- mice were allowed free access to ethanol-containing diets (4d/11% ethanol) or pair-fed control diets. Immunoreactive (A) C1q and (B) C3b were visualized by immunohisotochemistry in frozen liver sections. Images are shown at 200X magnification. (C/D) The total number of fluorescent pixels per 200X field was determined using Image Pro software. Values represent means ± SEM. Pair-fed n=4, ethanol-fed n=6. Values with different superscripts are significantly different from each other, C) p<0.047, D) p<0.001.

Article Snippet: Antibodies were purchased from the following sources: CYP2E1 (Research Diagnostics, Inc. Flanders, NJ); hsc 70 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc, Santa Cruz, CA); C3b-iC3b/C3c (C3b) and C1q (Hycult Biotechnology, Uden, The Netherlands); 4-HNE (Alpha Diagnostics Intl.

Techniques: Software

Journal: Gastroenterology

Article Title: Complement and alcoholic liver disease: Role of C1q in the pathogenesis of ethanol-induced liver injury in mice

doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2010.04.041

Figure Lengend Snippet: Wild-type and C1qa-/- mice were allowed free access to ethanol-containing diets (25d/32% ethanol) or pair-fed control diets. Immunoreactive (A) C1q and (B) C3b were visualized by immunohisotochemistry in frozen liver sections. (C/D) Total number of fluorescent pixels per 200X field was determined using Image Pro software. Values represent means ± SEM. Pair-fed n=4, ethanol-fed n=6. Values with different superscripts are significantly different from each other, C) p<0.001, D) p<0.05.

Article Snippet: Antibodies were purchased from the following sources: CYP2E1 (Research Diagnostics, Inc. Flanders, NJ); hsc 70 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc, Santa Cruz, CA); C3b-iC3b/C3c (C3b) and C1q (Hycult Biotechnology, Uden, The Netherlands); 4-HNE (Alpha Diagnostics Intl.

Techniques: Software