Journal: Experimental & Molecular Medicine

Article Title: Gut microbiome modulation by Veillonella ratti induces resistance to EAE pathogenesis via microbe-derived metabolites

doi: 10.1038/s12276-026-01779-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: a Heatmap of significantly altered non-target metabolites among the treatment groups, with hierarchical clustering based on Spearman correlation. Volcano plots show differentially enriched metabolites and KEGG gene families between the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and EAE + Veilonella ratti MHL0042 groups. Significant features were identified using MaAsLiN2 ( q < 0.05; | ρ | > 0.05 for metabolites, | ρ | > 2 for gene families). b Schematic representation of phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis pathways annotated with relevant gene families. P -values calculated using MaAsLiN2. * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001. c Metagenome-assembled genomes were reconstructed from individual samples, and microbial contributors to phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis-related gene families were identified. Dot size represents the frequency of metagenome-assembled genomes harboring each gene family within each treatment group, linking microbial taxa to their associated functional genes. d Quantification of dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine in the cecum, serum, and spinal cord. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation from EAE ( n = 8) and EAE + V. ratti MHL0042 ( n = 8) groups. Statistical comparisons were performed using unpaired Student's t test. * P < 0.05.

Article Snippet: In the metabolite-treated group, mice were intraperitoneally injected with 100 μl of 25 μM dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE; MedChemExpress, Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA) dissolved in 10% ethanol, 40% polyethylene glycol 300 (MedChemExpress), 5% Tween-80 (Sigma-Aldrich), and 45% PBS or orally gavaged with 250 μM DOPE dissolved in sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Sigma-Aldrich) for 5 days before the EAE injection.

Techniques: Functional Assay, Standard Deviation

Journal: Experimental & Molecular Medicine

Article Title: Gut microbiome modulation by Veillonella ratti induces resistance to EAE pathogenesis via microbe-derived metabolites

doi: 10.1038/s12276-026-01779-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: a Mean clinical score of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and EAE + DOPE groups. b Mean clinical score of EAE and EAE + DOPE groups showing individual mouse clinical score. c Cumulative clinical scores of EAE and EAE + DOPE groups. d Luxol fast blue staining of spinal cord sections and quantification of white matter demyelination in EAE and EAE + DOPE groups. e Immunofluorescence staining of Iba1 + (green) and CD68 + (red) cells in the white matter of the spinal cord from EAE and EAE + DOPE groups. Images are representative of 10 independent mice. f Quantification of the percentage of Iba + CD68 + cells among total Iba + cells, as well as absolute number of Iba + CD68 + and Iba + cells. Each dot represents the average of at least three sections from a single mouse. Data are presented as mean value ± standard deviation from EAE ( n = 9) and EAE + DOPE ( n = 9) groups. Data are representative of at least two independent experiments. Data were compared using two-tailed unpaired t test. * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001; **** P < 0.0001. DOPE, dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine.

Article Snippet: In the metabolite-treated group, mice were intraperitoneally injected with 100 μl of 25 μM dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE; MedChemExpress, Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA) dissolved in 10% ethanol, 40% polyethylene glycol 300 (MedChemExpress), 5% Tween-80 (Sigma-Aldrich), and 45% PBS or orally gavaged with 250 μM DOPE dissolved in sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Sigma-Aldrich) for 5 days before the EAE injection.

Techniques: Staining, Immunofluorescence, Standard Deviation, Two Tailed Test

Journal: Experimental & Molecular Medicine

Article Title: Gut microbiome modulation by Veillonella ratti induces resistance to EAE pathogenesis via microbe-derived metabolites

doi: 10.1038/s12276-026-01779-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: a Immunofluorescence staining of CD68 + (red) and CD11b + (green) cells, counterstained with DAPI, in microglial (IMG) cells treated with vehicle or 25 μM DOPE in the presence or absence of 5 ng/ml interferon-γ (IFN-γ). Images are representative of four biological replicates (magnification, × × 400). Quantification of CD11b + CD68 + mean fluorescence intensity normalized to DAPI is shown. Each dot represents the average of three different areas from the same well. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation, representative of two independent experiments. Statistical comparisons were performed using one-way analysis of variance. * P < 0.05; *** P < 0.001. b Volcano plot of DEGs between IFN-γ-stimulated IMG cells treated with either vehicle or 25 μM DOPE. DEGs were identified using 1.5 log2 fold change cut-off ( q < 0.05). c Downregulated KEGG enrichment analysis of differential gene set in DOPE-treated IFN-γ-induced IMG cells. d Heatmap of DEGs under specific pathways which are downregulated upon DOPE treatment in IFN-γ-induced IMG cells. Data are presented from two biological replicates. DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; DEG, differentially expressed gene; DOPE, dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine; NF, nuclear factor; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; Veh, vehicle.

Article Snippet: In the metabolite-treated group, mice were intraperitoneally injected with 100 μl of 25 μM dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE; MedChemExpress, Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA) dissolved in 10% ethanol, 40% polyethylene glycol 300 (MedChemExpress), 5% Tween-80 (Sigma-Aldrich), and 45% PBS or orally gavaged with 250 μM DOPE dissolved in sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Sigma-Aldrich) for 5 days before the EAE injection.

Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Staining, Fluorescence, Standard Deviation

Journal: Cell host & microbe

Article Title: Lipid Peroxidation Drives Gasdermin D-mediated Pyroptosis in Lethal Polymicrobial Sepsis

doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2018.05.009

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) WT and Gpx4−/− BMDMs were pretreated with or without vitamin E (100 μM) for three hours, and then transfected with GSDMD-N. Protein expression was assayed using western blot. (B) Analysis of GSDMD-N-mediated cytotoxicity, DAG, IP3, and calcium production at 24 hours in WT and Gpx4−/− BMDMs in the absence or presence of Plcg1-shRNA, U73122 (10 μM), or BAPTA-AM (10 μM) (n=3 wells/group; data expressed as means ± SD, *, P<0.05 versus GSDMD-N group, t test). (C) Analysis of GSDMD-N-mediated cytotoxicity at 24 hours in THP1, HL-60, and HeLa cell lines (n=3 wells/group; data expressed as means ± SD, *, P<0.05, t test). (D) WT BMDMs were pretreated with indicated lipid components (20 μM) for three hours, and then transfected with GSDMD-N for 24 hours. Protein expression was assayed using western blot. (E) Analysis of GSDMD-N/PI4P- or GSDMD-N/PI(4,5)P2-mediated cytotoxicity at 24 hours in BMDMs in the absence or presence of Plcg1-shRNA, U73122 (10 μM), or BAPTA-AM (10 μM) (n=3 wells/group; data expressed as means ± SD, *, P<0.05 versus control group, t test). (F) Analysis of LPS electroporation- or E. coli (MOI=25) infection-mediated cytotoxicity at 16 hours in BMDMs in the absence or presence of Plcg1-shRNA or U73122 (10 μM) (n=3 wells/group; data expressed as means ± SD, *, P<0.05 versus control group, t test). (G) Analysis of LPS electroporation- or E. coli (MOI=25) infection-mediated protein expression at 16 hours in BMDMs in the absence or presence of Plcg1-shRNA or U73122 (10 μM).

Article Snippet: PI4P , Echelon Biosciences Incorporated , P-4004.

Techniques: Transfection, Expressing, Western Blot, shRNA, Electroporation, Infection

Journal: Cell host & microbe

Article Title: Lipid Peroxidation Drives Gasdermin D-mediated Pyroptosis in Lethal Polymicrobial Sepsis

doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2018.05.009

Figure Lengend Snippet: KEY RESOURCES TABLE

Article Snippet: PI4P , Echelon Biosciences Incorporated , P-4004.

Techniques: Recombinant, CCK-8 Assay, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Lactate Dehydrogenase Assay, Multiple Displacement Amplification, Mouse Assay, shRNA, Sequencing, Software