Journal: Archives of Microbiology

Article Title: Anti-multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and anti-dermatophyte activities of secondary metabolites of the endophytic fungus Penicillium brevicompactum ANT13 associated with the Algerian endemic plant Abies numidica

doi: 10.1007/s00203-023-03452-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: Antimicrobial activity of extracts of the endophyte isolate ANT13 against some pathogenic microorganisms. M. c: Microsporum canis, T. r: Trichophyton rubrum, T. m: Trichophyton mentagrophytes, C. a: Candida albicans, B. cereus : Bacillus cereus ATCC 10876, S. aureus : Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Mup-RSA S. aureus : Staphylococcus aureus , Meti- RSA S. aureus : Methiciline-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300. 1: Dichloromethane extract, 2: Ethyl acetate extract, 3: n -Hexane extract, NC : negative control

Article Snippet: M. c: Microsporum canis, T. r: Trichophyton rubrum, T. m: Trichophyton mentagrophytes, C. a: Candida albicans, B. cereus : Bacillus cereus ATCC 10876, S. aureus : Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Mup-RSA S. aureus : Staphylococcus aureus , Meti- RSA S. aureus : Methiciline-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Negative Control

Journal: Archives of Microbiology

Article Title: Anti-multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and anti-dermatophyte activities of secondary metabolites of the endophytic fungus Penicillium brevicompactum ANT13 associated with the Algerian endemic plant Abies numidica

doi: 10.1007/s00203-023-03452-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: Antifungal activity of extracts of ANT13 isolate

Article Snippet: M. c: Microsporum canis, T. r: Trichophyton rubrum, T. m: Trichophyton mentagrophytes, C. a: Candida albicans, B. cereus : Bacillus cereus ATCC 10876, S. aureus : Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Mup-RSA S. aureus : Staphylococcus aureus , Meti- RSA S. aureus : Methiciline-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Inhibition

Journal: Archives of Microbiology

Article Title: Anti-multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and anti-dermatophyte activities of secondary metabolites of the endophytic fungus Penicillium brevicompactum ANT13 associated with the Algerian endemic plant Abies numidica

doi: 10.1007/s00203-023-03452-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: MIC values of ethyl acetate extract obtained against dermatophytes

Article Snippet: M. c: Microsporum canis, T. r: Trichophyton rubrum, T. m: Trichophyton mentagrophytes, C. a: Candida albicans, B. cereus : Bacillus cereus ATCC 10876, S. aureus : Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Mup-RSA S. aureus : Staphylococcus aureus , Meti- RSA S. aureus : Methiciline-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300.

Techniques:

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Distinct Cdk9-phosphatase switches act at the beginning and end of elongation by RNA polymerase II

doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-18173-6

Figure Lengend Snippet: a Purified, recombinant Cdk9/cyclin T1 phosphorylates wild-type (WT) GFP-PP1γ, expressed in human cells and recovered by anti-GFP immunoprecipitation, but not a Thr311→Ala (TA) mutant variant. Phosphorylation was detected with antibody specific for the carboxy-terminal phosphorylation site (Thr320) in PP1α isoform, analogous to Thr311 of PP1γ. b Inhibition of Cdk9 or Cdk1 diminishes PP1γ-inhibitory phosphorylation in human cells. HCT116 cells were treated with DMSO, a Cdk1 inhibitor (RO-3306), a Cdk9 inhibitor (NVP-2), or both, as indicated. Extracts were analyzed by direct immunoblotting (lanes 1–4), or anti-PP1γ immunoprecipitation (IP) followed by immunoblotting (lanes 5–8), with the indicated antibodies. c Cdk9 inhibition diminishes phosphorylation of Spt5-Thr806 but not Ser2 of the Pol II CTD. HCT116 cells were treated with the indicated concentrations of NVP-2 for 1 h and extracts were immunoblotted with the indicated antibodies. d HCT116 cells were treated with 250 nM NVP-2 for indicated times and extracts were immunoblotted with antibodies specific for Spt5, Spt5-pThr806, and Spt5-pSer666, as indicated. Immunoblot ( n = 1) signals were quantified with ImageJ software. e Spt5-derived phosphopeptides containing pSer666 or pThr806 or a control histone H3-derived phosphopeptide containing pSer10, as indicated, were incubated with purified PP1 or lambda phosphatase, as indicated, and phosphate release was measured colorimetrically. Individual data points are shown from three biological replicates ( n = 3); error bars indicate ±standard deviation (±s.d.) from mean. f HCT116 cells were transfected with an siRNA cocktail targeting all three PP1 catalytic-subunit isoforms or a scrambled control (C) siRNA, as indicated, and extracts were immunoblotted for the indicated proteins or protein modifications. Experiments were performed twice with similar results ( a – c , f ). Source data are provided as a file. Uncropped blots can be found in the .

Article Snippet: PP1 isoform-specific siRNAs targeting PP1α (sc-36299), PP1β (sc-36295), and PP1γ (sc-36297) were from Santa Cruz Biotechnology.

Techniques: Purification, Recombinant, Immunoprecipitation, Mutagenesis, Variant Assay, Phospho-proteomics, Inhibition, Western Blot, Software, Derivative Assay, Control, Incubation, Standard Deviation, Transfection

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Distinct Cdk9-phosphatase switches act at the beginning and end of elongation by RNA polymerase II

doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-18173-6

Figure Lengend Snippet: a Schematic of the MYC gene, indicating positions of primer pairs used in ChIP-qPCR analysis. b ChIP-qPCR analysis of PP4C, PP4R2, and PP1γ on the MYC gene in unperturbed HCT116 cells ( n = 2 biological replicates). c ChIP-qPCR analysis of PP4R2 and PP4R2-pThr173 after inhibition of Cdk9 with NVP-2 (250 nM) or mock treatment (DMSO) for 1 h ( n = 2 biological replicates). d Cells transfected with siRNA targeting PP4R2 or nontargeted negative control siRNA were subjected to formaldehyde cross-linking, chromatin isolation, and reversal of cross-linking before analysis by immunoblotting with indicated antibodies to measure the depletion of PP4R2 and phosphorylation of Spt5 at Ser666 and Thr806. e ChIP-qPCR analysis on MYC shows Pol II distribution with or without PP4R2 depletion. Error bars (+s.d.) and p values were calculated by two-sided Student’s t test from four biological replicates ( n = 4); individual data points from biological replicates are shown in the plots ( b , c , and e ). f Two distinct Cdk9-phosphatase switches govern transitions in Spt5-phosphorylation state—a model. At the 5′ pause prior to P-TEFb activation, the PP4 complex is active and both CTR1 and the KOW4–KOW5 loop are unphosphorylated, At the 3′ pause, PP1 becomes active to dephosphorylate CTR1 but not Ser666, distinguishing the two paused complexes. During elongation, Cdk9 phosphorylates Spt5, and inhibits PP4 and PP1. Source data are provided as a file.

Article Snippet: PP1 isoform-specific siRNAs targeting PP1α (sc-36299), PP1β (sc-36295), and PP1γ (sc-36297) were from Santa Cruz Biotechnology.

Techniques: ChIP-qPCR, Inhibition, Transfection, Negative Control, Isolation, Western Blot, Phospho-proteomics, Activation Assay