Journal: ASN NEURO

Article Title: Estrogen Receptor Involvement in Noradrenergic Regulation of Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus Glucoregulatory Neurotransmitter and Stimulus-Specific Glycogen Phosphorylase Enzyme Isoform Expression

doi: 10.1177/1759091420910933

Figure Lengend Snippet: ERα and ERβ Involvement in Noradrenergic Regulation of VMN GS and GPbb/GPmm Protein Expression. Micropunch-dissected VMN tissue obtained from groups of female rats ( n = 6/group) infused into the VMN with Veh or NE after Veh, MPP, or PHTPP pretreatment was analyzed by Western blot for GS (Panel 5A), F (5, 12) = 8.44, p = .0003; GPbb (Panel 5B), F (5, 12) = 12.90, p < .0001; or GPmm (Panel 5C), F (5, 12) = 16.49, p < .0001 protein content. Data show mean normalized protein optical density (O.D.) values ± SEM . * p < .05; ** p < .01; *** p < .001. VMN = ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus; GS = glycogen synthase; GPmm = glycogen phosphorylase-muscle type; GPbb = glycogen phosphorylase-brain type; MPP = 1,3- Bis (4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methyl-5-[4-(2-piperidinylethoxy)phenol]-1 H -pyrazole dihydrochloride; PHTPP = 4-[2-phenyl-5,7- bis (trifluoromethyl)pyrazolo[1,5- a ]pyrimidin-3-yl]phenol; NE = norepinephrine.

Article Snippet: Proteins of interest were probed with primary antisera raised in rabbit against nNOS (prod. no. NBP1-39681, 1:2,000; Novus Biologicals, Littleton, CO), GAD (prod. no. ABN904, 1:5,000; EMD Millipore, Burlington, MA), GS (prod. no. 3893S, 1:2,000; Cell Signaling Technology; Danvers, MA), GPmm (prod. no NBP2-16689, 1:2,000; Novus Biologicals), or GPbb (prod. no. NBP1-32799, 1:2,000; Novus Biologicals).

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot

Journal: ASN NEURO

Article Title: Estrogen Receptor Involvement in Noradrenergic Regulation of Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus Glucoregulatory Neurotransmitter and Stimulus-Specific Glycogen Phosphorylase Enzyme Isoform Expression

doi: 10.1177/1759091420910933

Figure Lengend Snippet: Model for ER and NE Interaction in Governance of VMN Glucoregulatory Transmission and Glycogen Metabolism. VMN nitrergic (left) and GABAergic (right) neurons and astrocytes (middle) express ERα and ERβ ( Mahmood et al., 2019 ; Uddin et al., 2019 ) as well as α 1 -AR, α 2 -AR, and β 1 -AR proteins ( Ibrahim et al., 2019 ; Uddin et al., 2019 ). For each nerve cell type, effects of intra-VMN NE administration on transmitter marker and AR proteins are outlined in an accompanying blue box; NE effects on the astrocyte glycogen metabolic enzyme proteins GS and GP variants GPbb and GPmm are listed also. For nitrergic and GABA neurons, purple boxes depict ERα and ERβ regulation of transmitter marker and AR proteins in the absence versus presence of NE. Arrows depict direction of ER impact; absence of ER effect is indicated by horizontal dash. VMN = ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus; nNOS = neuronal nitric oxide synthase; GS = glycogen synthase; GPmm = glycogen phosphorylase-muscle type; GPbb = glycogen phosphorylase-brain type; GAD = glutamate decarboxylase 65/67 ; GABA = γ-aminobutyric acid; NE = norepinephrine.

Article Snippet: Proteins of interest were probed with primary antisera raised in rabbit against nNOS (prod. no. NBP1-39681, 1:2,000; Novus Biologicals, Littleton, CO), GAD (prod. no. ABN904, 1:5,000; EMD Millipore, Burlington, MA), GS (prod. no. 3893S, 1:2,000; Cell Signaling Technology; Danvers, MA), GPmm (prod. no NBP2-16689, 1:2,000; Novus Biologicals), or GPbb (prod. no. NBP1-32799, 1:2,000; Novus Biologicals).

Techniques: Transmission Assay, Marker