Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Lung Fibroblasts Share Mesenchymal Stem Cell Features Which Are Altered in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease via the Overactivation of the Hedgehog Signaling Pathway

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121579

Figure Lengend Snippet: (a)Rate of lung fibroblast conversion into myofibroblasts after 3, 4 and 5 days exposure to TGF-β1. * p<0.05 compared to untreated cells. # p<0.05 compared to non- smoker (C-NS) and smoker controls (C-S) exposed to TGF-β1 for 4 or 5 days. (b) Oil-red O staining of, MSC, DF and lung fibroblasts from C-NS, C-S and COPD subjects12 days after exposure to adipogenic differentiation medium. (c)Alcian blue staining of MSC, DF and lung fibroblasts at day 24 following chondrogenesis initiation. (d,e) (D, E) Comparative real-time PCR analysis of mRNA expression of genes encoding for (d) adipogenic peroxysome proliferative activated receptor gamma 2 (PPAR-γ 2; early), lipoprotein lipase (LPL; late) and (e)chondrogenic Sox-9 marker. (f) Alizarin red staining of cells following 17 days of osteoblastic induction and (g)real-time PCR analysis of mRNA expression of osteoblastic alkaline phosphatase (ALP, early) and osteocalcin (OC, late) markers. (d,e,g) Results represent means ± SEM of at least 3 independent experiments performed with donor fibroblasts. NS: non significant; * p<0.05, ** p<0.01. MSC, mesenchymal stem cells; DF, dermal fibroblast; C-NS, non-smokers controls; C-S, smoker controls; COPD, smokers with COPD.

Article Snippet: Chondrogenic differentiation was carried out using Mesenchymal Stem Cell Chondrogenic Differentiation Medium (PromoCell, Heidelberg, Germany).

Techniques: Staining, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Expressing, Marker

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: A Comparative Study of Non-Viral Gene Delivery Techniques to Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell

doi: 10.3390/ijms150915044

Figure Lengend Snippet: Differentiation potential of hAD-MSCs and fibroblasts following transfection using four independent techniques. Osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation of ( A ) hAD-MSCs and ( B ) fibroblasts post-transfection using the microporation, standard electroporation, cationic polymer, and classical calcium phosphate precipitation transfection techniques. After 21 days, osteogenic cultures were stained using alizarin red. Adipogenic cultures were analyzed for lipid accumulation after 14 days of differentiation using inverted microscopy. Thereafter they were fixed and stained for triglycerides with Oil-Red-O. After 21 days, chondrogenic cultures were stained for spheroid formation using Alcian blue. (Magnification: ( A ) adipogenic 400×, osteogenic 40× and chondrogenic 40×; ( B ) adipogenic 400×, osteogenic 100× and chondrogenic 100×).

Article Snippet: The cells were induced to differentiate into chondrogenic cells by replacing the growth medium with chondrogenic differentiation medium (Promo Cell).

Techniques: Transfection, Electroporation, Staining, Inverted Microscopy