Journal: European journal of pharmacology

Article Title: Cystathionine-γ lyase-derived hydrogen sulfide mediates the cardiovascular protective effects of moxonidine in diabetic rats

doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.04.054

Figure Lengend Snippet: A schematic presentation of diabetes induction, pharmacologic intervention, and the biochemical and molecular studies conducted to investigate the glycemic and cardiovascular effects of moxonidine (2 or 6 mg/kg/day, p.o) in diabetic male Wistar rats in the absence or presence of H2S-synthesis inhibitor, DL-propargylglycine (37.5 mg/kg/day, i.p) during the last 3 weeks of the experiment. STZ, streptozotocin; BW, body weight; BGL, blood glucose level; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test.

Article Snippet: Drugs and Chemicals Moxonidine (American Custom Chemicals Corp., San Diego, CA), DL-propargylglycine (Chem-Impex International Inc., Wood Dale, IL), N,N dimethyl P-phenylene diamine sulfate (Acros Organics “Thermo Fischer Scientific”, Bridgewater, NJ), TEMED (Thermo scientific, Rockford, IL), Acrylamide 40% solution (Fischer Scientific, Pittsburg, PA), ammonium persulfate (J.T Baker, Center Valley, PA), heparin (Elkins Sinn Inc., Cherry Hill, NJ) and sterile saline (B. Braun Medical Inc., Bethlehem, PA) were purchased from commercial vendors.

Techniques:

Journal: European journal of pharmacology

Article Title: Cystathionine-γ lyase-derived hydrogen sulfide mediates the cardiovascular protective effects of moxonidine in diabetic rats

doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.04.054

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of 3-week treatment with moxonidine (2 or 6 mg/kg/day; gavage), starting 4 week following diabetes induction, on heart weight (HW), body weight (BW) and HW/BW ratio “index of hypertrophy” in STZ diabetic male Wistar rats. Shown also are the effects of DL-propargylglycine alone in non-diabetic and diabetic rats, and in combination with moxonidine (6 mg/kg/day) in diabetic rats.

Article Snippet: Drugs and Chemicals Moxonidine (American Custom Chemicals Corp., San Diego, CA), DL-propargylglycine (Chem-Impex International Inc., Wood Dale, IL), N,N dimethyl P-phenylene diamine sulfate (Acros Organics “Thermo Fischer Scientific”, Bridgewater, NJ), TEMED (Thermo scientific, Rockford, IL), Acrylamide 40% solution (Fischer Scientific, Pittsburg, PA), ammonium persulfate (J.T Baker, Center Valley, PA), heparin (Elkins Sinn Inc., Cherry Hill, NJ) and sterile saline (B. Braun Medical Inc., Bethlehem, PA) were purchased from commercial vendors.

Techniques:

Journal: European journal of pharmacology

Article Title: Cystathionine-γ lyase-derived hydrogen sulfide mediates the cardiovascular protective effects of moxonidine in diabetic rats

doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.04.054

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of 3-week treatment with moxonidine (2 or 6 mg/kg/day for 3 weeks; gavage; Mox 2 or Mox 6), administered 4 weeks after diabetes induction, on the glycemic control presented as glycemic tolerance (A) and, as area under glycemic curve (B) and on fasting blood glucose (C) and, in STZ diabetic male Wistar rats. Shown also are the effects of DL-propargylglycine, DLP (37.5 mg/kg/day; i.p) administered alone in non-diabetic (Con) or STZ-diabetic rats or in combination with moxonidine (6 mg/kg/day) in diabetic rats. Values are means ± S.E.M. (n=5–8 rats/group); * P <0.05 versus vehicle treated non-diabetic rats, # P <0.05 versus vehicle-treated diabetic rats, $ P<0.05 versus DL-propargylglycine treated nondiabetic rats and © P< 0.05 versus moxonidine (6 mg/kg) treated diabetic rats.

Article Snippet: Drugs and Chemicals Moxonidine (American Custom Chemicals Corp., San Diego, CA), DL-propargylglycine (Chem-Impex International Inc., Wood Dale, IL), N,N dimethyl P-phenylene diamine sulfate (Acros Organics “Thermo Fischer Scientific”, Bridgewater, NJ), TEMED (Thermo scientific, Rockford, IL), Acrylamide 40% solution (Fischer Scientific, Pittsburg, PA), ammonium persulfate (J.T Baker, Center Valley, PA), heparin (Elkins Sinn Inc., Cherry Hill, NJ) and sterile saline (B. Braun Medical Inc., Bethlehem, PA) were purchased from commercial vendors.

Techniques:

Journal: European journal of pharmacology

Article Title: Cystathionine-γ lyase-derived hydrogen sulfide mediates the cardiovascular protective effects of moxonidine in diabetic rats

doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.04.054

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of 3-week treatment with moxonidine (2 or 6 mg/kg/day; gavage), starting 4 week following diabetes induction, on mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and myocardial (LV +dp/dt) and baroreflex (BRS; Seq.”BRS-SAP” TOTAL) function in STZ diabetic male Wistar rats. Shown also are the effects of DL-propargylglycine alone in non-diabetic and diabetic rats and in combination with moxonidine (6 mg/kg/day) in diabetic rats.

Article Snippet: Drugs and Chemicals Moxonidine (American Custom Chemicals Corp., San Diego, CA), DL-propargylglycine (Chem-Impex International Inc., Wood Dale, IL), N,N dimethyl P-phenylene diamine sulfate (Acros Organics “Thermo Fischer Scientific”, Bridgewater, NJ), TEMED (Thermo scientific, Rockford, IL), Acrylamide 40% solution (Fischer Scientific, Pittsburg, PA), ammonium persulfate (J.T Baker, Center Valley, PA), heparin (Elkins Sinn Inc., Cherry Hill, NJ) and sterile saline (B. Braun Medical Inc., Bethlehem, PA) were purchased from commercial vendors.

Techniques:

Journal: European journal of pharmacology

Article Title: Cystathionine-γ lyase-derived hydrogen sulfide mediates the cardiovascular protective effects of moxonidine in diabetic rats

doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.04.054

Figure Lengend Snippet: Moxonidine (2 or 6 mg/kg/day for 3 weeks; gavage), administered 4 weeks after diabetes induction, ameliorated the diabetes-induced imidazoline I1 receptor upregulation (A), reductions in CSE expression (B) and activity (C) in the myocardium of STZ diabetic male Wistar rats. Shown also are the effects of DL-propargylglycine (37.5 mg/kg/day; i.p) administered alone in non-diabetic or diabetic male Wistar rats or in combination with moxonidine (6 mg/kg/day) in diabetic rats. Values are means ± S.E.M. (n=5–8 rats/group); * P <0.05 versus vehicle treated non-diabetic rats, # P <0.05 versus vehicle-treated diabetic rats, $ P<0.05 versus DL-propargylglycine treated nondiabetic rats and © P< 0.05 versus moxonidine (6 mg/kg) treated diabetic rats. Molecular weights of proteins were given in kDa, and splicing gel lanes was needed due to exclusion of some treatment groups from the study.

Article Snippet: Drugs and Chemicals Moxonidine (American Custom Chemicals Corp., San Diego, CA), DL-propargylglycine (Chem-Impex International Inc., Wood Dale, IL), N,N dimethyl P-phenylene diamine sulfate (Acros Organics “Thermo Fischer Scientific”, Bridgewater, NJ), TEMED (Thermo scientific, Rockford, IL), Acrylamide 40% solution (Fischer Scientific, Pittsburg, PA), ammonium persulfate (J.T Baker, Center Valley, PA), heparin (Elkins Sinn Inc., Cherry Hill, NJ) and sterile saline (B. Braun Medical Inc., Bethlehem, PA) were purchased from commercial vendors.

Techniques: Expressing, Activity Assay

Journal: European journal of pharmacology

Article Title: Cystathionine-γ lyase-derived hydrogen sulfide mediates the cardiovascular protective effects of moxonidine in diabetic rats

doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.04.054

Figure Lengend Snippet: Moxonidine (2 or 6 mg/kg/day for 3 weeks; gavage), administered 4 weeks after diabetes induction, ameliorated the reductions in hydrogen sulfide (H2S) levels (A) and nitric oxide (NO) levels (B) in the myocardium of STZ diabetic male Wistar rats. Shown also are the effects of DL-propargylglycine (37.5 mg/kg/day; i.p) administered alone in non-diabetic or diabetic male Wistar rats or in combination with moxonidine (6 mg/kg/day) in diabetic rats. Values are means ± S.E.M. (n=5–8 rats/group); * P <0.05 versus vehicle treated non-diabetic rats, # P <0.05 versus vehicle-treated diabetic rats, $ P<0.05 versus DL-propargylglycine treated nondiabetic rats and © P< 0.05 versus moxonidine (6 mg/kg) treated diabetic rats.

Article Snippet: Drugs and Chemicals Moxonidine (American Custom Chemicals Corp., San Diego, CA), DL-propargylglycine (Chem-Impex International Inc., Wood Dale, IL), N,N dimethyl P-phenylene diamine sulfate (Acros Organics “Thermo Fischer Scientific”, Bridgewater, NJ), TEMED (Thermo scientific, Rockford, IL), Acrylamide 40% solution (Fischer Scientific, Pittsburg, PA), ammonium persulfate (J.T Baker, Center Valley, PA), heparin (Elkins Sinn Inc., Cherry Hill, NJ) and sterile saline (B. Braun Medical Inc., Bethlehem, PA) were purchased from commercial vendors.

Techniques:

Journal: European journal of pharmacology

Article Title: Cystathionine-γ lyase-derived hydrogen sulfide mediates the cardiovascular protective effects of moxonidine in diabetic rats

doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.04.054

Figure Lengend Snippet: Moxonidine (2 or 6 mg/kg/day for 3 weeks; gavage), administered 4 weeks after diabetes induction, ameliorated the enhanced phosphorylation of p38 (A) and ERK1/2 (B) and suppressed DAPK3 expression (C) in STZ diabetic male Wistar rats. Shown also are the effects of DL-propargylglycine (37.5 mg/kg/day; i.p) administered alone in non-diabetic or diabetic male Wistar rats or in combination with moxonidine (6 mg/kg/day) in diabetic rats. Values are means ± S.E.M. (n=5–8 rats/group); * P <0.05 versus vehicle treated non-diabetic rats, # P <0.05 versus vehicle-treated diabetic rats, $ P<0.05 versus DL-propargylglycine treated nondiabetic rats and © P< 0.05 versus moxonidine (6 mg/kg) treated diabetic rats. Molecular weights of proteins were given in kDa, and representative blots for a particular protein in treatment and control groups were all run on the same gel; whenever the random order of the blots necessitated splicing gel lanes to present representative blots, this was identified by the gap in the presented blots.

Article Snippet: Drugs and Chemicals Moxonidine (American Custom Chemicals Corp., San Diego, CA), DL-propargylglycine (Chem-Impex International Inc., Wood Dale, IL), N,N dimethyl P-phenylene diamine sulfate (Acros Organics “Thermo Fischer Scientific”, Bridgewater, NJ), TEMED (Thermo scientific, Rockford, IL), Acrylamide 40% solution (Fischer Scientific, Pittsburg, PA), ammonium persulfate (J.T Baker, Center Valley, PA), heparin (Elkins Sinn Inc., Cherry Hill, NJ) and sterile saline (B. Braun Medical Inc., Bethlehem, PA) were purchased from commercial vendors.

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: European journal of pharmacology

Article Title: Cystathionine-γ lyase-derived hydrogen sulfide mediates the cardiovascular protective effects of moxonidine in diabetic rats

doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.04.054

Figure Lengend Snippet: Immunohistochemical detection of Death Associated Protein Kinase-3 (DAPK-3) in ventricular myocytes of STZ-diabetic male Wistar rats treated with moxonidine (2 or 6 mg/kg/day for 3 weeks; gavage; Mox 2 or Mox 6), administered 4 weeks after diabetes induction. Shown also are the effects of DL-propargylglycine, DLP (37.5 mg/kg/day; i.p) administered alone in non-diabetic (Con) or STZ-diabetic male Wistar rats or in combination with moxonidine (6 mg/kg/day; Mox 6) in STZ-diabetic rats. Values are means ± S.E.M. (n=5–8 rats/group); * P<0.05 versus vehicle treated non-diabetic rats, # P<0.05 versus vehicle-treated diabetic rats.

Article Snippet: Drugs and Chemicals Moxonidine (American Custom Chemicals Corp., San Diego, CA), DL-propargylglycine (Chem-Impex International Inc., Wood Dale, IL), N,N dimethyl P-phenylene diamine sulfate (Acros Organics “Thermo Fischer Scientific”, Bridgewater, NJ), TEMED (Thermo scientific, Rockford, IL), Acrylamide 40% solution (Fischer Scientific, Pittsburg, PA), ammonium persulfate (J.T Baker, Center Valley, PA), heparin (Elkins Sinn Inc., Cherry Hill, NJ) and sterile saline (B. Braun Medical Inc., Bethlehem, PA) were purchased from commercial vendors.

Techniques: Immunohistochemical staining

Journal: European journal of pharmacology

Article Title: Cystathionine-γ lyase-derived hydrogen sulfide mediates the cardiovascular protective effects of moxonidine in diabetic rats

doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.04.054

Figure Lengend Snippet: Amelioration by moxonidine (2 or 6 mg/kg/day for 3 weeks; gavage), administered 4 weeks after diabetes induction, of the reduction in serum adiponectin (A) and the elevations in plasma (B) and myocardial (C) malondialdehyde (MDA) in STZ diabetic male Wistar rats. Shown also are the effects of DL-propargylglycine (37.5 mg/kg/day; i.p) administered alone in non-diabetic or diabetic male Wistar rats or in combination with moxonidine (6 mg/kg/day) in diabetic rats. Values are means ± S.E.M. (n=5–8 rats/group); * P<0.05 versus vehicle treated non-diabetic rats, # P<0.05 versus vehicle-treated diabetic rats, $ P<0.05 versus DL-propargylglycine treated nondiabetic rats and © P< 0.05 versus moxonidine (6 mg/kg) treated diabetic rats.

Article Snippet: Drugs and Chemicals Moxonidine (American Custom Chemicals Corp., San Diego, CA), DL-propargylglycine (Chem-Impex International Inc., Wood Dale, IL), N,N dimethyl P-phenylene diamine sulfate (Acros Organics “Thermo Fischer Scientific”, Bridgewater, NJ), TEMED (Thermo scientific, Rockford, IL), Acrylamide 40% solution (Fischer Scientific, Pittsburg, PA), ammonium persulfate (J.T Baker, Center Valley, PA), heparin (Elkins Sinn Inc., Cherry Hill, NJ) and sterile saline (B. Braun Medical Inc., Bethlehem, PA) were purchased from commercial vendors.

Techniques:

Journal: European journal of pharmacology

Article Title: Cystathionine-γ lyase-derived hydrogen sulfide mediates the cardiovascular protective effects of moxonidine in diabetic rats

doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.04.054

Figure Lengend Snippet: Suggested mechanisms for the improvement of cardiovascular function and glycemic control conferred by imidazoline I1 receptor activation in diabetic rats based on: (i) moxonidine ability to improve myocardial function (Table 2) and glycemic control (Fig. 2) along with reversing the reductions in myocardial cystathionine-γ lyase (CSE) expression/activity/H2S level (Figs. 3B, C and 5A) and circulating adiponectin (Fig. 8A); (ii) moxonidine-evoked suppression of Death Associated Protein Kinase-3 (DAPK-3) and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation (Figs. 6, ​,7);7); (iii) abrogation by CSE inhibition (DL-propargylglycine) of the aforementioned biochemical events and the favorable cardiovascular effects and glycemic control elicited by moxonidine in diabetic rats (see text for details).

Article Snippet: Drugs and Chemicals Moxonidine (American Custom Chemicals Corp., San Diego, CA), DL-propargylglycine (Chem-Impex International Inc., Wood Dale, IL), N,N dimethyl P-phenylene diamine sulfate (Acros Organics “Thermo Fischer Scientific”, Bridgewater, NJ), TEMED (Thermo scientific, Rockford, IL), Acrylamide 40% solution (Fischer Scientific, Pittsburg, PA), ammonium persulfate (J.T Baker, Center Valley, PA), heparin (Elkins Sinn Inc., Cherry Hill, NJ) and sterile saline (B. Braun Medical Inc., Bethlehem, PA) were purchased from commercial vendors.

Techniques: Activation Assay, Expressing, Activity Assay, Inhibition

Journal: European journal of pharmacology

Article Title: Cystathionine-γ lyase-derived hydrogen sulfide mediates the cardiovascular protective effects of moxonidine in diabetic rats

doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.04.054

Figure Lengend Snippet: Immunohistochemical detection of cystathionine-γ lyase (CSE) in ventricular myocytes of STZ-diabetic male Wistar rats treated with moxonidine (2 or 6 mg/kg/day for 3 weeks; gavage; Mox 2 or Mox 6), administered 4 weeks after diabetes induction. Shown also are the effects of DL-propargylglycine, DLP (37.5 mg/kg/day; i.p) administered alone in non-diabetic (Con) or STZ-diabetic male Wistar rats or in combination with moxonidine (6 mg/kg/day) in STZ-diabetic rats. Values are means ± S.E.M. (n=5–8 rats/group); * P <0.05 versus vehicle treated non-diabetic rats.

Article Snippet: Drugs and Chemicals Moxonidine (American Custom Chemicals Corp., San Diego, CA), DL-propargylglycine (Chem-Impex International Inc., Wood Dale, IL), N,N dimethyl P-phenylene diamine sulfate (Acros Organics “Thermo Fischer Scientific”, Bridgewater, NJ), TEMED (Thermo scientific, Rockford, IL), Acrylamide 40% solution (Fischer Scientific, Pittsburg, PA), ammonium persulfate (J.T Baker, Center Valley, PA), heparin (Elkins Sinn Inc., Cherry Hill, NJ) and sterile saline (B. Braun Medical Inc., Bethlehem, PA) were purchased from commercial vendors.

Techniques: Immunohistochemical staining