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wild type a baumannii strain atcc 17978 wt  (ATCC)


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    ATCC wild type a baumannii strain atcc 17978 wt
    Wild Type A Baumannii Strain Atcc 17978 Wt, supplied by ATCC, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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    ATCC wild type a baumannii strain atcc 17978 wt
    Wild Type A Baumannii Strain Atcc 17978 Wt, supplied by ATCC, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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    86
    ATCC a baumannii wild type wt strain atcc 17978
    A. baumannii triggers DksA-dependent changes in phenylacetate, β-ketoadipate and TCA-glyoxylate pathways in response to copper stress. ( A ) Reactions and intermediates of the TCA and glyoxylate cycle (purple), phenylacetate (light green) and (pink) catechol pathways are based on BioCyc A. baumannii <t>ATCC</t> <t>17978</t> database . Genes (enzymes) paaABCE (1,2-phenylacetyl-CoA epoxidase); paaG , (1,2-epoxyphenylacetyl-CoA isomerase); paaZ (oxepin-CoA hydrolase); paaJ (3-oxoadipyl-CoA); paaF (2,3-dehydroadipyl-CoA hydratase); paaH (3-hydroxyadipyl-CoA dehydrogenase). Intermediate products: (I) phenylacetyl-CoA; (II) 1,2-epoxyphenylacetyl-CoA; (III) 2-oxepin-2(3H)-yli-deneacetyl-CoA; (IV) 2,3-dehydroadipyl-CoA. For simplicity, only 5 out of 9 genes are shown in the catechol pathway. (B, C) Expression of 11 genes ( paaA-H , ACX_60–11440, paaK , paaN ) in paa operon for phenylacetate ( B ) and 9 genes ( pcaIJFBDKCHG ) in pca operon for catechol catabolism ( C ) are based on transcriptomic data relative to untreated A. baumannii ATCC 17978 WT. ( D ) Visualization of transcriptomic data in the aromatic compound degradation pathways were based on 44 genes. Bars above the line (blue) represent percentage of genes increased in expression and bars below the line (green) represent percentage of genes decreased in expression for given conditions. ( E) Strength of aliphatic and aromatic compound utilization phenotypes of WT and its Δ dksA mutant were determined using Biolog Phenotype Microarray plates PM1 and PM2. The maximal kinetic curve was based on expressed OmniLog units (y-axis) over time. Metabolite utilization activity data are from two independent experiments, presented as mean ± SD.
    A Baumannii Wild Type Wt Strain Atcc 17978, supplied by ATCC, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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    86
    ATCC wild type wt a baumannii strain atcc 17978
    Bacterial strains and plasmids used in this work.
    Wild Type Wt A Baumannii Strain Atcc 17978, supplied by ATCC, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/result/wild type wt a baumannii strain atcc 17978/product/ATCC
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    86
    ATCC wild type wt a baumannii atcc 17978 strain
    Identification of DksA in A. baumannii . (a) Multiple alignments of translated sequences of A1S_0248 with DksA of other bacterial species. The gray highlight indicates identical amino acids with E. coli DksA. The bold characters indicate >50% consensus amino acids among the tested bacterial species. Sequence conservation is presented as the height of colored bars. The accession number of DksA proteins is ABO10723 in A. baumannii ATCC 17978, VWQ00927 in E. coli , CDO15944 in Klebsiella pneumoniae , WP_058139749 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa , KIS47657 in Burkholderia cepacia , RTY79203 in Staphylococcus aureus , WP_047919748 in Neisseria gonorrheae , WP_148842572 in Streptococcus pyogenes , SGC70216 in Mycobacterium tuberculosis , and VTQ30573 in Streptococcus pneumoniae . (b) Sequence logo of DksA between E. coli and A. baumannii <t>ATCC</t> <t>17978</t> using the WebLogo 3. The red boxes are essential amino acids for RNAP binding and DksA activity in E. coli . The number is based on the amino acid sequences of E. coli DksA. Furthermore, 151 amino acids of E. coli DksA (the first number in parenthesis) are compared with the translated amino acid sequences of A1S_0248 of A. baumannii ATCC 17978 (the second number in parenthesis) in the boxes as follows: D (74, 101); A (76, 103); R (91, 118); R (125, 152); A (128, 155); I (136, 163); E (143, 170); I-M (144–149, 171–176). (c) The predicted three-dimensional structure of proteins encoded by A1S_0248 using Swiss-MODEL. Red and green colors indicate the amino acids for the RNAP binding and DksA activity, respectively
    Wild Type Wt A Baumannii Atcc 17978 Strain, supplied by ATCC, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/result/wild type wt a baumannii atcc 17978 strain/product/ATCC
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    86
    ATCC wild type a baumannii strain 381 atcc 17978 wt
    Identification of DksA in A. baumannii . (a) Multiple alignments of translated sequences of A1S_0248 with DksA of other bacterial species. The gray highlight indicates identical amino acids with E. coli DksA. The bold characters indicate >50% consensus amino acids among the tested bacterial species. Sequence conservation is presented as the height of colored bars. The accession number of DksA proteins is ABO10723 in A. baumannii ATCC 17978, VWQ00927 in E. coli , CDO15944 in Klebsiella pneumoniae , WP_058139749 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa , KIS47657 in Burkholderia cepacia , RTY79203 in Staphylococcus aureus , WP_047919748 in Neisseria gonorrheae , WP_148842572 in Streptococcus pyogenes , SGC70216 in Mycobacterium tuberculosis , and VTQ30573 in Streptococcus pneumoniae . (b) Sequence logo of DksA between E. coli and A. baumannii <t>ATCC</t> <t>17978</t> using the WebLogo 3. The red boxes are essential amino acids for RNAP binding and DksA activity in E. coli . The number is based on the amino acid sequences of E. coli DksA. Furthermore, 151 amino acids of E. coli DksA (the first number in parenthesis) are compared with the translated amino acid sequences of A1S_0248 of A. baumannii ATCC 17978 (the second number in parenthesis) in the boxes as follows: D (74, 101); A (76, 103); R (91, 118); R (125, 152); A (128, 155); I (136, 163); E (143, 170); I-M (144–149, 171–176). (c) The predicted three-dimensional structure of proteins encoded by A1S_0248 using Swiss-MODEL. Red and green colors indicate the amino acids for the RNAP binding and DksA activity, respectively
    Wild Type A Baumannii Strain 381 Atcc 17978 Wt, supplied by ATCC, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/result/wild type a baumannii strain 381 atcc 17978 wt/product/ATCC
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    Price from $9.99 to $1999.99
    wild type a baumannii strain 381 atcc 17978 wt - by Bioz Stars, 2024-11
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    A. baumannii triggers DksA-dependent changes in phenylacetate, β-ketoadipate and TCA-glyoxylate pathways in response to copper stress. ( A ) Reactions and intermediates of the TCA and glyoxylate cycle (purple), phenylacetate (light green) and (pink) catechol pathways are based on BioCyc A. baumannii ATCC 17978 database . Genes (enzymes) paaABCE (1,2-phenylacetyl-CoA epoxidase); paaG , (1,2-epoxyphenylacetyl-CoA isomerase); paaZ (oxepin-CoA hydrolase); paaJ (3-oxoadipyl-CoA); paaF (2,3-dehydroadipyl-CoA hydratase); paaH (3-hydroxyadipyl-CoA dehydrogenase). Intermediate products: (I) phenylacetyl-CoA; (II) 1,2-epoxyphenylacetyl-CoA; (III) 2-oxepin-2(3H)-yli-deneacetyl-CoA; (IV) 2,3-dehydroadipyl-CoA. For simplicity, only 5 out of 9 genes are shown in the catechol pathway. (B, C) Expression of 11 genes ( paaA-H , ACX_60–11440, paaK , paaN ) in paa operon for phenylacetate ( B ) and 9 genes ( pcaIJFBDKCHG ) in pca operon for catechol catabolism ( C ) are based on transcriptomic data relative to untreated A. baumannii ATCC 17978 WT. ( D ) Visualization of transcriptomic data in the aromatic compound degradation pathways were based on 44 genes. Bars above the line (blue) represent percentage of genes increased in expression and bars below the line (green) represent percentage of genes decreased in expression for given conditions. ( E) Strength of aliphatic and aromatic compound utilization phenotypes of WT and its Δ dksA mutant were determined using Biolog Phenotype Microarray plates PM1 and PM2. The maximal kinetic curve was based on expressed OmniLog units (y-axis) over time. Metabolite utilization activity data are from two independent experiments, presented as mean ± SD.

    Journal: Nucleic Acids Research

    Article Title: DksA is a conserved master regulator of stress response in Acinetobacter baumannii

    doi: 10.1093/nar/gkad341

    Figure Lengend Snippet: A. baumannii triggers DksA-dependent changes in phenylacetate, β-ketoadipate and TCA-glyoxylate pathways in response to copper stress. ( A ) Reactions and intermediates of the TCA and glyoxylate cycle (purple), phenylacetate (light green) and (pink) catechol pathways are based on BioCyc A. baumannii ATCC 17978 database . Genes (enzymes) paaABCE (1,2-phenylacetyl-CoA epoxidase); paaG , (1,2-epoxyphenylacetyl-CoA isomerase); paaZ (oxepin-CoA hydrolase); paaJ (3-oxoadipyl-CoA); paaF (2,3-dehydroadipyl-CoA hydratase); paaH (3-hydroxyadipyl-CoA dehydrogenase). Intermediate products: (I) phenylacetyl-CoA; (II) 1,2-epoxyphenylacetyl-CoA; (III) 2-oxepin-2(3H)-yli-deneacetyl-CoA; (IV) 2,3-dehydroadipyl-CoA. For simplicity, only 5 out of 9 genes are shown in the catechol pathway. (B, C) Expression of 11 genes ( paaA-H , ACX_60–11440, paaK , paaN ) in paa operon for phenylacetate ( B ) and 9 genes ( pcaIJFBDKCHG ) in pca operon for catechol catabolism ( C ) are based on transcriptomic data relative to untreated A. baumannii ATCC 17978 WT. ( D ) Visualization of transcriptomic data in the aromatic compound degradation pathways were based on 44 genes. Bars above the line (blue) represent percentage of genes increased in expression and bars below the line (green) represent percentage of genes decreased in expression for given conditions. ( E) Strength of aliphatic and aromatic compound utilization phenotypes of WT and its Δ dksA mutant were determined using Biolog Phenotype Microarray plates PM1 and PM2. The maximal kinetic curve was based on expressed OmniLog units (y-axis) over time. Metabolite utilization activity data are from two independent experiments, presented as mean ± SD.

    Article Snippet: A high-density, random transposon library was generated in A. baumannii wild-type (WT) strain ATCC 17978 containing >110 000 unique Tn 5 mutants and challenged with subinhibitory levels of copper (6 mM) or zinc (3 mM) for 16 h ( ).

    Techniques: Expressing, Mutagenesis, Microarray, Activity Assay

    Identification and validation of A. baumannii genes that alter fitness under copper and zinc stresses using TraDIS. (A, B) The effect of 6 mM CuSO 4 ( A ) and 3 mM ZnSO 4 on the abundance of transposon insertion mutations (differential abundance of Tn 5 , log 2 fold change (FC)) mapping to the A. baumannii ATCC 17978 chromosome and plasmid pAB3 as determined by TraDIS analysis. Examples of TraDIS plots mapping at the known copper ( C ) and zinc ( D ) detoxification loci copAB , and czcCBDA of A. baumannii , respectively. Top panels in (C) and (D) represent insertion read counts reflecting growth of the ATCC 17978 TraDIS library in the control Mueller Hinton (MH) broth, whereas middle and bottom panels represent read counts under copper and zinc stresses, respectively. Numbers in middle panel in (C) and bottom panel in (D) represent average read count FC amongst green colored genes. N.S. stands for no significant FC compared to MH. Growth curves of the wild-type AB5075_UW (WT) and its copA and czcD mutants in presence and absence of 3 mM CuSO 4 ( E ) and 1.5 mM ZnSO 4 ( F ) in Lysogen broth (LB) respectively. Each data point (open black and peach circles and error bars) represents mean and standard deviation (SD) from at least three independent assays. Validation of TraDIS results using independent single gene inactivated mutants of A. baumannii strain AB5075_UW in copper ( G ) and zinc stress ( H ). Growth differences (measured as a difference in area under the curve, ΔAUC) between the wild-type AB5075_UW and Tn 26 insertion mutants in presence of ZnSO 4 or CuSO 4 was used as a proxy for fitness. Red colored gene dots with labels (Figure , ) were used for validation. Each Tn 5 mutant fitness value in Figure and was calculated from two independent TraDIS experiments. See and methods for further details.

    Journal: Nucleic Acids Research

    Article Title: DksA is a conserved master regulator of stress response in Acinetobacter baumannii

    doi: 10.1093/nar/gkad341

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Identification and validation of A. baumannii genes that alter fitness under copper and zinc stresses using TraDIS. (A, B) The effect of 6 mM CuSO 4 ( A ) and 3 mM ZnSO 4 on the abundance of transposon insertion mutations (differential abundance of Tn 5 , log 2 fold change (FC)) mapping to the A. baumannii ATCC 17978 chromosome and plasmid pAB3 as determined by TraDIS analysis. Examples of TraDIS plots mapping at the known copper ( C ) and zinc ( D ) detoxification loci copAB , and czcCBDA of A. baumannii , respectively. Top panels in (C) and (D) represent insertion read counts reflecting growth of the ATCC 17978 TraDIS library in the control Mueller Hinton (MH) broth, whereas middle and bottom panels represent read counts under copper and zinc stresses, respectively. Numbers in middle panel in (C) and bottom panel in (D) represent average read count FC amongst green colored genes. N.S. stands for no significant FC compared to MH. Growth curves of the wild-type AB5075_UW (WT) and its copA and czcD mutants in presence and absence of 3 mM CuSO 4 ( E ) and 1.5 mM ZnSO 4 ( F ) in Lysogen broth (LB) respectively. Each data point (open black and peach circles and error bars) represents mean and standard deviation (SD) from at least three independent assays. Validation of TraDIS results using independent single gene inactivated mutants of A. baumannii strain AB5075_UW in copper ( G ) and zinc stress ( H ). Growth differences (measured as a difference in area under the curve, ΔAUC) between the wild-type AB5075_UW and Tn 26 insertion mutants in presence of ZnSO 4 or CuSO 4 was used as a proxy for fitness. Red colored gene dots with labels (Figure , ) were used for validation. Each Tn 5 mutant fitness value in Figure and was calculated from two independent TraDIS experiments. See and methods for further details.

    Article Snippet: A high-density, random transposon library was generated in A. baumannii wild-type (WT) strain ATCC 17978 containing >110 000 unique Tn 5 mutants and challenged with subinhibitory levels of copper (6 mM) or zinc (3 mM) for 16 h ( ).

    Techniques: Plasmid Preparation, Control, Standard Deviation, Mutagenesis

    DksA has an opposite role in zinc and copper stress protection. ( A ) Network diagram showing the overlap of genes involved in tolerance and sensitivity to copper (violet) or zinc (yellow) stress. Genes represented by grey color are involved in tolerance to both copper and zinc. Pink colored genes have opposite effects under zinc and copper stresses with dksA in darker pink. The network analysis is based on 75 and 121 genes involved in copper and zinc stress with a significant change in mutant abundance of >1.0 log 2 fold change and P adj < 0.05. An inset shows the list of 19 genes detected in both copper and zinc conditions. Gene with pink font have opposite effects. Cytoscape version 3.8.1. was used for network visualization . ( B ) The TraDIS results showing the read counts in dksA ; control (top), 6 mM CuSO 4 (middle) and 3 mM ZnSO 4 (bottom). (C–E) The growth phenotype of wild-type AB5075_UW (WT) and its dksA ::Tn 26 mutant without added stress in LB ( C ) and in presence of 1.5 mM ZnSO 4 ( D ) and 5 mM CuSO 4 ( E ). Data are from at least three experiments, presented as mean (open black and peach circles ± SD).

    Journal: Nucleic Acids Research

    Article Title: DksA is a conserved master regulator of stress response in Acinetobacter baumannii

    doi: 10.1093/nar/gkad341

    Figure Lengend Snippet: DksA has an opposite role in zinc and copper stress protection. ( A ) Network diagram showing the overlap of genes involved in tolerance and sensitivity to copper (violet) or zinc (yellow) stress. Genes represented by grey color are involved in tolerance to both copper and zinc. Pink colored genes have opposite effects under zinc and copper stresses with dksA in darker pink. The network analysis is based on 75 and 121 genes involved in copper and zinc stress with a significant change in mutant abundance of >1.0 log 2 fold change and P adj < 0.05. An inset shows the list of 19 genes detected in both copper and zinc conditions. Gene with pink font have opposite effects. Cytoscape version 3.8.1. was used for network visualization . ( B ) The TraDIS results showing the read counts in dksA ; control (top), 6 mM CuSO 4 (middle) and 3 mM ZnSO 4 (bottom). (C–E) The growth phenotype of wild-type AB5075_UW (WT) and its dksA ::Tn 26 mutant without added stress in LB ( C ) and in presence of 1.5 mM ZnSO 4 ( D ) and 5 mM CuSO 4 ( E ). Data are from at least three experiments, presented as mean (open black and peach circles ± SD).

    Article Snippet: A high-density, random transposon library was generated in A. baumannii wild-type (WT) strain ATCC 17978 containing >110 000 unique Tn 5 mutants and challenged with subinhibitory levels of copper (6 mM) or zinc (3 mM) for 16 h ( ).

    Techniques: Mutagenesis, Control

    DksA-dependent virulence and niche specific colonization of A. baumannii and associated phenotypes. ( A ) Galleria mellonella larvae were injected with 1 × 10 7 cells of A. baumannii strains AB5075_UW or ATCC 17978 and their dksA mutants. Survival of larvae was enumerated every day post-challenge for seven days. Sterile phosphate buffer saline (PBS) was used as the negative control. (B–H) Enumeration of A. baumannii AB5075_UW and the dksA:: Tn 26 mutant in different host niches: blood ( B ), nasopharyngeal tissue, nose ( C ), bronchioalveolar lavage, BAL ( D ), lung tissue ( E ), pleural cavity, PL ( F ), spleen tissue (G) and liver (H). Six Female BALB/c mice were intranasally challenged with 2 × 10 8 CFU and colonization was examined 24 h post-challenge. ( I ) Growth and respiration in presence of 50% human serum in Mueller Hinton broth. Each data point represents the mean of at least three biological triplicates (±SD). ( J ) Box and whiskers plots (min to max with all data points) showing estimates of crystal violet-based biofilm from four independent experiments. ( K ) Density gradient qualitative estimation of capsule. For significant differences between WT and mutant strains in mouse infection and biofilm formation assays, a one-way ANOVA statistical analyses were performed; * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001, and ns = not significant.

    Journal: Nucleic Acids Research

    Article Title: DksA is a conserved master regulator of stress response in Acinetobacter baumannii

    doi: 10.1093/nar/gkad341

    Figure Lengend Snippet: DksA-dependent virulence and niche specific colonization of A. baumannii and associated phenotypes. ( A ) Galleria mellonella larvae were injected with 1 × 10 7 cells of A. baumannii strains AB5075_UW or ATCC 17978 and their dksA mutants. Survival of larvae was enumerated every day post-challenge for seven days. Sterile phosphate buffer saline (PBS) was used as the negative control. (B–H) Enumeration of A. baumannii AB5075_UW and the dksA:: Tn 26 mutant in different host niches: blood ( B ), nasopharyngeal tissue, nose ( C ), bronchioalveolar lavage, BAL ( D ), lung tissue ( E ), pleural cavity, PL ( F ), spleen tissue (G) and liver (H). Six Female BALB/c mice were intranasally challenged with 2 × 10 8 CFU and colonization was examined 24 h post-challenge. ( I ) Growth and respiration in presence of 50% human serum in Mueller Hinton broth. Each data point represents the mean of at least three biological triplicates (±SD). ( J ) Box and whiskers plots (min to max with all data points) showing estimates of crystal violet-based biofilm from four independent experiments. ( K ) Density gradient qualitative estimation of capsule. For significant differences between WT and mutant strains in mouse infection and biofilm formation assays, a one-way ANOVA statistical analyses were performed; * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001, and ns = not significant.

    Article Snippet: A high-density, random transposon library was generated in A. baumannii wild-type (WT) strain ATCC 17978 containing >110 000 unique Tn 5 mutants and challenged with subinhibitory levels of copper (6 mM) or zinc (3 mM) for 16 h ( ).

    Techniques: Injection, Sterility, Saline, Negative Control, Mutagenesis, Infection

    A. baumannii activates DksA-dependent stringent response under copper stress but not zinc stress. ( A ) Pathway enrichment analysis of genes with significant changes in expression (log 2 FC > 1.5 and P adj < 0.05) between ATCC 17978 (WT) and Δ dksA strains under copper and zinc stresses relative to untreated WT was performed using ‘Pathway Omics Dashboards Tool’ in the MetaCyc database, based on gene ontology . ( B ) Differential expression relative to untreated WT of genes involved in the synthesis of ribosomal proteins were based RNAseq data . (C, D) Differential expression relative to untreated WT of genes involved in the uptake and metabolism of iron ( bauABCDF , yciP , basA-J , bfnABC , fbsABDEF ) ( C ) and atpIBEFHAGDC operon involved in the synthesis of ATP, and NADH:quinone oxidoreductase and cytochrome bd-I ubiquinol oxidase subunits encoded by nuoABCEFGHIJKLMN and cydAB operons ( D ). ( E ) Growth of wild-type (WT) ATCC 17978 was measured as OD 600 in LB in presence of indicated amount of metal ions. Error bars represent the SD of independent biological experiments ( n = 3). ( F ) Effect of copper and zinc stress on respiration of WT ATCC 17978 and Δ dksA in presence of zinc and copper. Error bars represent the SD of biological independent experiments ( n = 5). ( G ) nanoDSF curves of purified A. baumannii full-length DksA in the presence and absence of H 2 O 2 (0.25 mM) or zinc chloride (0.25 mM). Error bars represent mean ± SD from two replicate analyses. P values in (E) and (F) are based on a two-way ANOVA. ns = not significant.

    Journal: Nucleic Acids Research

    Article Title: DksA is a conserved master regulator of stress response in Acinetobacter baumannii

    doi: 10.1093/nar/gkad341

    Figure Lengend Snippet: A. baumannii activates DksA-dependent stringent response under copper stress but not zinc stress. ( A ) Pathway enrichment analysis of genes with significant changes in expression (log 2 FC > 1.5 and P adj < 0.05) between ATCC 17978 (WT) and Δ dksA strains under copper and zinc stresses relative to untreated WT was performed using ‘Pathway Omics Dashboards Tool’ in the MetaCyc database, based on gene ontology . ( B ) Differential expression relative to untreated WT of genes involved in the synthesis of ribosomal proteins were based RNAseq data . (C, D) Differential expression relative to untreated WT of genes involved in the uptake and metabolism of iron ( bauABCDF , yciP , basA-J , bfnABC , fbsABDEF ) ( C ) and atpIBEFHAGDC operon involved in the synthesis of ATP, and NADH:quinone oxidoreductase and cytochrome bd-I ubiquinol oxidase subunits encoded by nuoABCEFGHIJKLMN and cydAB operons ( D ). ( E ) Growth of wild-type (WT) ATCC 17978 was measured as OD 600 in LB in presence of indicated amount of metal ions. Error bars represent the SD of independent biological experiments ( n = 3). ( F ) Effect of copper and zinc stress on respiration of WT ATCC 17978 and Δ dksA in presence of zinc and copper. Error bars represent the SD of biological independent experiments ( n = 5). ( G ) nanoDSF curves of purified A. baumannii full-length DksA in the presence and absence of H 2 O 2 (0.25 mM) or zinc chloride (0.25 mM). Error bars represent mean ± SD from two replicate analyses. P values in (E) and (F) are based on a two-way ANOVA. ns = not significant.

    Article Snippet: A high-density, random transposon library was generated in A. baumannii wild-type (WT) strain ATCC 17978 containing >110 000 unique Tn 5 mutants and challenged with subinhibitory levels of copper (6 mM) or zinc (3 mM) for 16 h ( ).

    Techniques: Expressing, Nano Differential Scanning Fluorimetry, Purification

    Bacterial strains and plasmids used in this work.

    Journal: Virulence

    Article Title: Direct interaction between RecA and a CheW-like protein is required for surface-associated motility, chemotaxis and the full virulence of Acinetobacter baumannii strain ATCC 17978

    doi: 10.1080/21505594.2020.1748923

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Bacterial strains and plasmids used in this work.

    Article Snippet: Briefly, an internal fragment of the target gene from wild-type (WT) A. baumannii strain ATCC 17978 was PCR-amplified using the appropriated primers (Supplementary Table 1).

    Techniques: Plasmid Preparation, Clone Assay, Over Expression, FLAG-tag

    Identification of DksA in A. baumannii . (a) Multiple alignments of translated sequences of A1S_0248 with DksA of other bacterial species. The gray highlight indicates identical amino acids with E. coli DksA. The bold characters indicate >50% consensus amino acids among the tested bacterial species. Sequence conservation is presented as the height of colored bars. The accession number of DksA proteins is ABO10723 in A. baumannii ATCC 17978, VWQ00927 in E. coli , CDO15944 in Klebsiella pneumoniae , WP_058139749 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa , KIS47657 in Burkholderia cepacia , RTY79203 in Staphylococcus aureus , WP_047919748 in Neisseria gonorrheae , WP_148842572 in Streptococcus pyogenes , SGC70216 in Mycobacterium tuberculosis , and VTQ30573 in Streptococcus pneumoniae . (b) Sequence logo of DksA between E. coli and A. baumannii ATCC 17978 using the WebLogo 3. The red boxes are essential amino acids for RNAP binding and DksA activity in E. coli . The number is based on the amino acid sequences of E. coli DksA. Furthermore, 151 amino acids of E. coli DksA (the first number in parenthesis) are compared with the translated amino acid sequences of A1S_0248 of A. baumannii ATCC 17978 (the second number in parenthesis) in the boxes as follows: D (74, 101); A (76, 103); R (91, 118); R (125, 152); A (128, 155); I (136, 163); E (143, 170); I-M (144–149, 171–176). (c) The predicted three-dimensional structure of proteins encoded by A1S_0248 using Swiss-MODEL. Red and green colors indicate the amino acids for the RNAP binding and DksA activity, respectively

    Journal: Virulence

    Article Title: Global regulator DksA modulates virulence of Acinetobacter baumannii

    doi: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1995253

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Identification of DksA in A. baumannii . (a) Multiple alignments of translated sequences of A1S_0248 with DksA of other bacterial species. The gray highlight indicates identical amino acids with E. coli DksA. The bold characters indicate >50% consensus amino acids among the tested bacterial species. Sequence conservation is presented as the height of colored bars. The accession number of DksA proteins is ABO10723 in A. baumannii ATCC 17978, VWQ00927 in E. coli , CDO15944 in Klebsiella pneumoniae , WP_058139749 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa , KIS47657 in Burkholderia cepacia , RTY79203 in Staphylococcus aureus , WP_047919748 in Neisseria gonorrheae , WP_148842572 in Streptococcus pyogenes , SGC70216 in Mycobacterium tuberculosis , and VTQ30573 in Streptococcus pneumoniae . (b) Sequence logo of DksA between E. coli and A. baumannii ATCC 17978 using the WebLogo 3. The red boxes are essential amino acids for RNAP binding and DksA activity in E. coli . The number is based on the amino acid sequences of E. coli DksA. Furthermore, 151 amino acids of E. coli DksA (the first number in parenthesis) are compared with the translated amino acid sequences of A1S_0248 of A. baumannii ATCC 17978 (the second number in parenthesis) in the boxes as follows: D (74, 101); A (76, 103); R (91, 118); R (125, 152); A (128, 155); I (136, 163); E (143, 170); I-M (144–149, 171–176). (c) The predicted three-dimensional structure of proteins encoded by A1S_0248 using Swiss-MODEL. Red and green colors indicate the amino acids for the RNAP binding and DksA activity, respectively

    Article Snippet: Furthermore, (p)ppGpp-deficient mutants are more susceptible to antimicrobial agents, including gentamicin, tetracycline, erythromycin, and trimethoprim, than wild-type (WT) A. baumannii ATCC 17978 strain by downregulating efflux pump genes [ ].

    Techniques: Sequencing, Binding Assay, Activity Assay

    Growth of A. baumannii strains in minimal media and the expression of dksA in A. baumannii ATCC 17978 under different culture conditions. (a) WT A. baumannii ATCC 17978 (1), ∆ dksA mutant (2), and dksA -complemented (3) strains were grown on LB and M9 agar plates for 24 h. (b and c) The expression of dksA in A. baumannii ATCC 17978 was analyzed using qPCR. (b) Bacteria were cultured in LB under shaking or static conditions for 18 h. (c) Bacteria were cultured in LB under shaking at 23, 30, or 37°C for 18 h. The data are presented as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. *** p < 0.001

    Journal: Virulence

    Article Title: Global regulator DksA modulates virulence of Acinetobacter baumannii

    doi: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1995253

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Growth of A. baumannii strains in minimal media and the expression of dksA in A. baumannii ATCC 17978 under different culture conditions. (a) WT A. baumannii ATCC 17978 (1), ∆ dksA mutant (2), and dksA -complemented (3) strains were grown on LB and M9 agar plates for 24 h. (b and c) The expression of dksA in A. baumannii ATCC 17978 was analyzed using qPCR. (b) Bacteria were cultured in LB under shaking or static conditions for 18 h. (c) Bacteria were cultured in LB under shaking at 23, 30, or 37°C for 18 h. The data are presented as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. *** p < 0.001

    Article Snippet: Furthermore, (p)ppGpp-deficient mutants are more susceptible to antimicrobial agents, including gentamicin, tetracycline, erythromycin, and trimethoprim, than wild-type (WT) A. baumannii ATCC 17978 strain by downregulating efflux pump genes [ ].

    Techniques: Expressing, Mutagenesis, Cell Culture

    Surface motility of A. baumannii strains. WT A. baumannii ATCC 17978, ∆ dksA mutant (KM0248D), and dksA -complemented (KM0248C) strains were cultured in motility agar plates for 4, 7, and 12 h, and the diameters (mm) of bacterial migration on agar plates were measured. Data are presented as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. *** p < 0.001 compared with the WT strain

    Journal: Virulence

    Article Title: Global regulator DksA modulates virulence of Acinetobacter baumannii

    doi: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1995253

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Surface motility of A. baumannii strains. WT A. baumannii ATCC 17978, ∆ dksA mutant (KM0248D), and dksA -complemented (KM0248C) strains were cultured in motility agar plates for 4, 7, and 12 h, and the diameters (mm) of bacterial migration on agar plates were measured. Data are presented as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. *** p < 0.001 compared with the WT strain

    Article Snippet: Furthermore, (p)ppGpp-deficient mutants are more susceptible to antimicrobial agents, including gentamicin, tetracycline, erythromycin, and trimethoprim, than wild-type (WT) A. baumannii ATCC 17978 strain by downregulating efflux pump genes [ ].

    Techniques: Mutagenesis, Cell Culture, Migration

    Biofilm formation of A. baumannii strains. WT A. baumannii ATCC 17978, ∆ dksA mutant (KM0248D), and dksA -complemented (KM0248C) strains were cultured in 24-well plates, and biofilm mass was stained with crystal violet. Total bacterial growth and biofilms were measured at OD 600 and OD 570 , respectively, and the biofilm mass was analyzed by OD 570 /OD 600 . The data are presented as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. The pictures were biofilms stained with crystal violet. *** p < 0.001 compared with the WT strain

    Journal: Virulence

    Article Title: Global regulator DksA modulates virulence of Acinetobacter baumannii

    doi: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1995253

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Biofilm formation of A. baumannii strains. WT A. baumannii ATCC 17978, ∆ dksA mutant (KM0248D), and dksA -complemented (KM0248C) strains were cultured in 24-well plates, and biofilm mass was stained with crystal violet. Total bacterial growth and biofilms were measured at OD 600 and OD 570 , respectively, and the biofilm mass was analyzed by OD 570 /OD 600 . The data are presented as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. The pictures were biofilms stained with crystal violet. *** p < 0.001 compared with the WT strain

    Article Snippet: Furthermore, (p)ppGpp-deficient mutants are more susceptible to antimicrobial agents, including gentamicin, tetracycline, erythromycin, and trimethoprim, than wild-type (WT) A. baumannii ATCC 17978 strain by downregulating efflux pump genes [ ].

    Techniques: Mutagenesis, Cell Culture, Staining

    Expression of genes associated with biofilm formation in A. baumannii strains. WT A. baumannii ATCC 17978, ∆ dksA mutant (KM0248D), and dksA -complemented (KM0248C) strains were cultured in LB under static conditions for 24 h. The expression of genes was analyzed using qPCR. The data are the expression levels of mean ± SD of target genes in each strain relative to the expression of these genes in the WT strain. The experiments were performed three times independently. * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001 compared with the WT strain

    Journal: Virulence

    Article Title: Global regulator DksA modulates virulence of Acinetobacter baumannii

    doi: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1995253

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Expression of genes associated with biofilm formation in A. baumannii strains. WT A. baumannii ATCC 17978, ∆ dksA mutant (KM0248D), and dksA -complemented (KM0248C) strains were cultured in LB under static conditions for 24 h. The expression of genes was analyzed using qPCR. The data are the expression levels of mean ± SD of target genes in each strain relative to the expression of these genes in the WT strain. The experiments were performed three times independently. * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001 compared with the WT strain

    Article Snippet: Furthermore, (p)ppGpp-deficient mutants are more susceptible to antimicrobial agents, including gentamicin, tetracycline, erythromycin, and trimethoprim, than wild-type (WT) A. baumannii ATCC 17978 strain by downregulating efflux pump genes [ ].

    Techniques: Expressing, Mutagenesis, Cell Culture

    Production of autoinducers and expression of abaI and abaR in A. baumannii strains. (a) WT A. baumannii ATCC 17978 (1), ∆ dksA mutant (KM0248D, 2), and dksA -complemented (KM0248C, 3) strains were cultured in the bioassay agar plates overlaid with A. tumefaciens (pDCI41E33) for 18 h, and blue zone was measured. The experiments were performed three times independently. * p < 0.05 compared with the WT strain. (b) A. baumannii strains were cultured in LB under static conditions for 18 h. qPCR was performed to analyze the expression of genes. The data are presented as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. *** p < 0.001 compared with the WT strain

    Journal: Virulence

    Article Title: Global regulator DksA modulates virulence of Acinetobacter baumannii

    doi: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1995253

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Production of autoinducers and expression of abaI and abaR in A. baumannii strains. (a) WT A. baumannii ATCC 17978 (1), ∆ dksA mutant (KM0248D, 2), and dksA -complemented (KM0248C, 3) strains were cultured in the bioassay agar plates overlaid with A. tumefaciens (pDCI41E33) for 18 h, and blue zone was measured. The experiments were performed three times independently. * p < 0.05 compared with the WT strain. (b) A. baumannii strains were cultured in LB under static conditions for 18 h. qPCR was performed to analyze the expression of genes. The data are presented as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. *** p < 0.001 compared with the WT strain

    Article Snippet: Furthermore, (p)ppGpp-deficient mutants are more susceptible to antimicrobial agents, including gentamicin, tetracycline, erythromycin, and trimethoprim, than wild-type (WT) A. baumannii ATCC 17978 strain by downregulating efflux pump genes [ ].

    Techniques: Expressing, Mutagenesis, Cell Culture

    Survival rates and pathologies in mice infected with WT A. baumannii ATCC 17978, ∆ dksA mutant (KM0248D), and dksA -complemented (KM0248C) strains. (a) Neutropenic mice were infected with 5 × 10 8 CFUs of A. baumannii strains intraperitoneally. The survival of mice was determined for five days post-infection. (b and c) Seven neutropenic mice in each group were infected with 5 × 10 7 CFUs of A. baumannii strains intratracheally. The surviving mice were sacrificed 24 h post-infection. (b) CFUs in the right lung and blood were determined. ** p < 0.01 compared with the WT strain. (c) Left lung tissue was stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Magnification, 100X

    Journal: Virulence

    Article Title: Global regulator DksA modulates virulence of Acinetobacter baumannii

    doi: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1995253

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Survival rates and pathologies in mice infected with WT A. baumannii ATCC 17978, ∆ dksA mutant (KM0248D), and dksA -complemented (KM0248C) strains. (a) Neutropenic mice were infected with 5 × 10 8 CFUs of A. baumannii strains intraperitoneally. The survival of mice was determined for five days post-infection. (b and c) Seven neutropenic mice in each group were infected with 5 × 10 7 CFUs of A. baumannii strains intratracheally. The surviving mice were sacrificed 24 h post-infection. (b) CFUs in the right lung and blood were determined. ** p < 0.01 compared with the WT strain. (c) Left lung tissue was stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Magnification, 100X

    Article Snippet: Furthermore, (p)ppGpp-deficient mutants are more susceptible to antimicrobial agents, including gentamicin, tetracycline, erythromycin, and trimethoprim, than wild-type (WT) A. baumannii ATCC 17978 strain by downregulating efflux pump genes [ ].

    Techniques: Infection, Mutagenesis, Staining