d trp derivatives  (Chem Impex International)

Journal: FASEB BioAdvances

Article Title: Levo‐Tryptophan Promotes Osteogenesis Through Calcium‐Sensing Receptor

doi: 10.1096/fba.2025-00130

Figure Lengend Snippet: L‐Trp promoted osteogenesis in mandible of juvenile mice. (A) Schematic representation of the localized L‐Trp injection protocol. (B) Survival analysis of mice across various L‐Trp concentration groups. (C) Body weight measurements of mice in different L‐Trp concentration groups. (D) μCT imaging and quantitative assessment of the mandibular condyle region. The mandibular bone mineral density (BMD) in mice receiving 0.5% L‐Trp injections demonstrated a statistically significant increase compared to the saline control group ( n = 6 per group; 0.5% L‐Trp vs. saline).

Article Snippet: Before adding L‐Trp stimulation, MC3T3 cells were incubated in the complete medium with 6 μM NPS‐2143 (HY‐10171, MedChemExpress, China) for 1 h to inhibit the interaction between CaSR and L‐Trp.

Techniques: Injection, Concentration Assay, Imaging, Saline, Control

Journal: FASEB BioAdvances

Article Title: Levo‐Tryptophan Promotes Osteogenesis Through Calcium‐Sensing Receptor

doi: 10.1096/fba.2025-00130

Figure Lengend Snippet: L‐Trp enhanced proliferation, migration and osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3‐E1 cells. (A) Cell proliferation was assessed using the CCK‐8 assay in MC3T3‐E1 cells treated with varying concentrations of L‐Trp (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, and 5 mM). Cells treated with 0.5 mM L‐Trp exhibited the highest proliferation rate among all groups. (B) Cell scratching experiment was performed to evaluate the migratory capacity of MC3T3‐E1 cells following L‐Trp stimulation (0, 0.25, 0.5 and 1 mM). (C) Semi‐quantitative analysis of cell scratching experiment. 0.5 mM L‐Trp significantly enhanced the migration of MC3T3‐E1 cells compared to the control group. (D) Expression of osteogenic genes after 4 days of L‐Trp stimulation. L‐Trp upregulated expression of Runx2 and Sp7 in MC3T3‐E1 cells ( n = 3 per group). (E) Expression of osteogenic genes after 7 days of L‐Trp stimulation. L‐Trp upregulated expression of Runx2, Sp7 and Alp in MC3T3‐E1 cells ( n = 3 per group). (F, G) ALP staining and alizarin red staining of MC3T3‐E1 cells under L‐Trp stimulation. Cells treated with 0.5 mM L‐Trp exhibited significantly stronger ALP activity and mineralization capacity compared to the control group, confirming the osteogenic‐promoting effects of L‐Trp.

Article Snippet: Before adding L‐Trp stimulation, MC3T3 cells were incubated in the complete medium with 6 μM NPS‐2143 (HY‐10171, MedChemExpress, China) for 1 h to inhibit the interaction between CaSR and L‐Trp.

Techniques: Migration, CCK-8 Assay, Control, Expressing, Staining, Activity Assay

Journal: FASEB BioAdvances

Article Title: Levo‐Tryptophan Promotes Osteogenesis Through Calcium‐Sensing Receptor

doi: 10.1096/fba.2025-00130

Figure Lengend Snippet: CaSR mediated the osteogenic‐promoting effects of L‐Trp on MC3T3‐E1 cells. (A) Expression levels of Casr and its downstream genes (Gna11 and Pth1r). At 4 days, Casr expression was significantly higher in the L‐Trp‐treated group compared to the control group. By 7 days, the expression of Gna11 and Pth1r was also significantly elevated in the L‐Trp‐treated group. (B, C) Qualitative and semi‐quantitative analysis ( n = 3) of CASR‐related proteins. L‐Trp significantly upregulated the expression of CASR and GNA11. (D, E) Cell scratching experiment and the semi‐quantitative analysis. L‐Trp significantly enhanced the migration of MC3T3‐E1 cells. This effect was reversed by NPS‐2143, a CASR inhibitor, indicating that L‐Trp promoted cell migration through CASR activation. (F, G) ALP staining and alizarin red staining. L‐Trp significantly enhanced osteogenesis and the effect was attenuated by NPS‐2143, confirming that L‐Trp‐mediated osteogenic differentiation through CASR activation.

Article Snippet: Before adding L‐Trp stimulation, MC3T3 cells were incubated in the complete medium with 6 μM NPS‐2143 (HY‐10171, MedChemExpress, China) for 1 h to inhibit the interaction between CaSR and L‐Trp.

Techniques: Expressing, Control, Migration, Activation Assay, Staining

Journal: FASEB BioAdvances

Article Title: Levo‐Tryptophan Promotes Osteogenesis Through Calcium‐Sensing Receptor

doi: 10.1096/fba.2025-00130

Figure Lengend Snippet: L‐Trp activated focal adhesion pathway in MC3T3‐E1 cells. (A) KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. The differentially expressed genes between the L‐Trp‐treated and control groups were significantly enriched in focal adhesion pathway. (B) Heatmap visualization of DEGs associated with the “focal adhesion” pathway (0.5 mM L‐Trp vs. control). Red indicates upregulated genes, while blue indicates downregulated genes. (C) Quantitative PCR analysis of focal adhesion‐related genes. Expressions of Ptk2 (encoding FAK), and its downstream genes (Rhoa and Pxn) showed significantly upregulated following 7 days of L‐Trp stimulation. Additionally, FAK‐related genes ( Itga11, Clec11a, and Ibsp ) also exhibited significant upregulation after 7 days of L‐Trp treatment. (D, E) Qualitative and semi‐quantitative analysis ( n = 3) of focal adhesion related proteins. Expressions of FAK and RHOA proteins showed significantly increasing after 4 days of L‐Trp stimulation, confirming the activation of the focal adhesion pathway. (F, G) Qualitative and semi‐quantitative analysis ( n = 3) of phosphor‐FAK‐Y397 expression showed significantly increasing after 4 days of L‐Trp stimulation, confirming the activation of the FAK protein.

Article Snippet: Before adding L‐Trp stimulation, MC3T3 cells were incubated in the complete medium with 6 μM NPS‐2143 (HY‐10171, MedChemExpress, China) for 1 h to inhibit the interaction between CaSR and L‐Trp.

Techniques: Control, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Activation Assay, Expressing

Journal: FASEB BioAdvances

Article Title: Levo‐Tryptophan Promotes Osteogenesis Through Calcium‐Sensing Receptor

doi: 10.1096/fba.2025-00130

Figure Lengend Snippet: FAK inhibition blocked the effects of L‐Trp on MC3T3‐E1 cells. (A) Cell proliferation was assessed using the CCK‐8 assay in L‐Trp stimulated MC3T3‐E1 cells treated with/without PF‐573228. (B, C) Cell scratching experiment was performed to evaluate the migratory capacity of FAK inhibited MC3T3‐E1 cells following L‐Trp stimulation. (D) ALP staining. L‐Trp significantly enhanced osteogenesis and the effect was attenuated by PF‐573228, confirming that L‐Trp‐mediated osteogenic differentiation through FAK signaling pathway.

Article Snippet: Before adding L‐Trp stimulation, MC3T3 cells were incubated in the complete medium with 6 μM NPS‐2143 (HY‐10171, MedChemExpress, China) for 1 h to inhibit the interaction between CaSR and L‐Trp.

Techniques: Inhibition, CCK-8 Assay, Staining