Journal: PLOS One

Article Title: Diverse genetic pathways drive convergent fluconazole and caspofungin resistance phenotypes in Candida albicans

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0360234

Figure Lengend Snippet: The heatmap shows the number of days vertically and the C. albicans isolates injected each in 6 mice horizontally. Each cell is color coded according to the number of moribund mice identified on a daily basis and which is represented by the color scale. FL1-FL6 are the fluconazole-resistant isolates while CS1-CS6 are the caspofungin-resistant isolates. The control group was infected by the reference strain C. albicans SC5314.

Article Snippet: The reference strain C. albicans SC5314 (ATCC MYA-2876) was used as control.

Techniques: Injection, Control, Infection

Journal: PLOS One

Article Title: Diverse genetic pathways drive convergent fluconazole and caspofungin resistance phenotypes in Candida albicans

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0360234

Figure Lengend Snippet: Ergosterol content is expressed as a percentage of total sterols normalized to biomass weight. The reference strain C. albicans SC5314 was used as control and its quantity of ergosterol is represented by the striped bar. The p-values for the fluconazole-resistant and caspofungin-resistant groups of isolates relative to the control are shown.

Article Snippet: The reference strain C. albicans SC5314 (ATCC MYA-2876) was used as control.

Techniques: Control

Journal: PLOS One

Article Title: Diverse genetic pathways drive convergent fluconazole and caspofungin resistance phenotypes in Candida albicans

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0360234

Figure Lengend Snippet: Chitin concentration in mg/mL of 100 mg biomass wet weight pellet were used. The reference strain C. albicans SC5314 was used as control and its chitin concentration is represented by the striped bar. The p-values for the fluconazole-resistant and caspofungin-resistant groups of isolates relative to the control are shown.

Article Snippet: The reference strain C. albicans SC5314 (ATCC MYA-2876) was used as control.

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Control

Journal: PLOS One

Article Title: Diverse genetic pathways drive convergent fluconazole and caspofungin resistance phenotypes in Candida albicans

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0360234

Figure Lengend Snippet: The reference strain C. albicans SC5314 was used as control and R6G efflux in function of time is represented by the red curve. The changes in R6G efflux were quantified by measuring OD at 527 nm over time in each fluconazole-resistant isolate (FL1 to FL6; black curves differentiated by distinct symbols) compared to the control and the differences were statistically significant. Each data point represents the mean value of three replicates. The standard deviation for each data point is shown in the table. The p-values for each isolate relative to the control are shown.

Article Snippet: The reference strain C. albicans SC5314 (ATCC MYA-2876) was used as control.

Techniques: Control, Standard Deviation

Journal: PLOS One

Article Title: Diverse genetic pathways drive convergent fluconazole and caspofungin resistance phenotypes in Candida albicans

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0360234

Figure Lengend Snippet: The reference strain C. albicans SC5314 was used as control and biofilm content is represented by the striped bar. Biofilm biomass production was quantified by measuring OD at 590 nm upon crystal violet release. The p-values for the groups for the fluconazole-resistant and caspofungin-resistant groups of isolates relative to the control are shown.

Article Snippet: The reference strain C. albicans SC5314 (ATCC MYA-2876) was used as control.

Techniques: Control

Journal: World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology

Article Title: Phenotypic and genotypic assessment of antimicrobial and biocide resistance in enterobacteria from anaerobic digestion of dairy waste: implications for environmental and public health

doi: 10.1007/s11274-026-05319-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: Distribution of the number of screened resistance genes per E. coli -like enterobacterial isolate from anaerobic digester influent and biofertilizer

Article Snippet: All isolates and the E. coli ATCC 25,922 reference strain yielded 6-mm measurements with lactic acid, indicating that the tested LA condition was non-discriminatory.

Techniques:

Journal: World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology

Article Title: Phenotypic and genotypic assessment of antimicrobial and biocide resistance in enterobacteria from anaerobic digestion of dairy waste: implications for environmental and public health

doi: 10.1007/s11274-026-05319-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: Absolute frequency of selected resistance-gene detection in E. coli -like enterobacterial isolates from anaerobic digester influent and biofertilizer

Article Snippet: All isolates and the E. coli ATCC 25,922 reference strain yielded 6-mm measurements with lactic acid, indicating that the tested LA condition was non-discriminatory.

Techniques:

Journal: World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology

Article Title: Phenotypic and genotypic assessment of antimicrobial and biocide resistance in enterobacteria from anaerobic digestion of dairy waste: implications for environmental and public health

doi: 10.1007/s11274-026-05319-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of E. coli -like enterobacterial isolates from anaerobic digester influent and biofertilizer. Legend: GEN (Gentamicin), AMC (Amoxicillin-clavulanate), CLO (Chloramphenicol), CAZ (Ceftazidime), MER (Meropenem), LVX (Levofloxacin), TET (Tetracycline). Colors represent CLSI susceptible, intermediate, and resistant classifications

Article Snippet: All isolates and the E. coli ATCC 25,922 reference strain yielded 6-mm measurements with lactic acid, indicating that the tested LA condition was non-discriminatory.

Techniques:

Journal: World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology

Article Title: Phenotypic and genotypic assessment of antimicrobial and biocide resistance in enterobacteria from anaerobic digestion of dairy waste: implications for environmental and public health

doi: 10.1007/s11274-026-05319-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: Distribution of the number of tested antimicrobial agents classified as resistant (R) per presumptive E. coli -like enterobacterial isolate from effluent and biofertilizer

Article Snippet: All isolates and the E. coli ATCC 25,922 reference strain yielded 6-mm measurements with lactic acid, indicating that the tested LA condition was non-discriminatory.

Techniques:

Journal: World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology

Article Title: Phenotypic and genotypic assessment of antimicrobial and biocide resistance in enterobacteria from anaerobic digestion of dairy waste: implications for environmental and public health

doi: 10.1007/s11274-026-05319-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: Biocide inhibition-zone profiles of E. coli -like enterobacterial isolates from effluent and biofertilizer. Data are presented as mean ± SD. The dashed line indicates the 6-mm disk diameter. H 2 O 2 inhibition zones differed significantly between matrices after Benjamini–Hochberg correction (q = 0.00493). LA 2% (2% Lactic Acid); BAC 0.28% (0.28% Benzalkonium chloride), H 2 O 2 3% (3% hydrogen peroxide); CHX 1% (1% chlorhexidine digluconate)

Article Snippet: All isolates and the E. coli ATCC 25,922 reference strain yielded 6-mm measurements with lactic acid, indicating that the tested LA condition was non-discriminatory.

Techniques: Inhibition

Journal: Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology

Article Title: Isolation and characterization of multidrug-resistant Proteus mirabilis from diarrheic sika deer fawns in Northeast China

doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2026.1866786

Figure Lengend Snippet: Primer sequences for Proteus mirabilis virulence genes.

Article Snippet: Sequences of the study isolates were aligned with the P. mirabilis type strain ATCC 29906 T , the laboratory reference strain P. mirabilis ATCC 12453, selected P. mirabilis reference sequences, and type strains of closely related Proteus species.

Techniques: Amplification

Journal: Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology

Article Title: Isolation and characterization of multidrug-resistant Proteus mirabilis from diarrheic sika deer fawns in Northeast China

doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2026.1866786

Figure Lengend Snippet: Primer sequences for Proteus mirabilis antimicrobial resistance genes.

Article Snippet: Sequences of the study isolates were aligned with the P. mirabilis type strain ATCC 29906 T , the laboratory reference strain P. mirabilis ATCC 12453, selected P. mirabilis reference sequences, and type strains of closely related Proteus species.

Techniques: AMR Genes, Amplification

Journal: Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology

Article Title: Isolation and characterization of multidrug-resistant Proteus mirabilis from diarrheic sika deer fawns in Northeast China

doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2026.1866786

Figure Lengend Snippet: Neighbor-Joining phylogenetic tree based on 1,341-bp 16S rRNA gene sequences of 75 Proteus mirabilis isolates and reference strains. The tree was constructed in MEGA 12 using the Neighbor-Joining method with 1,000 bootstrap replicates. Bootstrap values ≥50% are shown at the nodes. GenBank accession numbers, where available, are shown in parentheses. Superscript T indicates a type strain. P. mirabilis ATCC 29906 T was included as the type strain, whereas P. mirabilis ATCC 12453 was included as the laboratory reference strain. Type strains of closely related Proteus species were included for species-level comparison. The scale bar represents 0.002 substitutions per site.

Article Snippet: Sequences of the study isolates were aligned with the P. mirabilis type strain ATCC 29906 T , the laboratory reference strain P. mirabilis ATCC 12453, selected P. mirabilis reference sequences, and type strains of closely related Proteus species.

Techniques: Construct, Comparison

Journal: Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology

Article Title: Isolation and characterization of multidrug-resistant Proteus mirabilis from diarrheic sika deer fawns in Northeast China

doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2026.1866786

Figure Lengend Snippet: Virulence gene combinations among the 75 P. mirabilis isolates.

Article Snippet: Sequences of the study isolates were aligned with the P. mirabilis type strain ATCC 29906 T , the laboratory reference strain P. mirabilis ATCC 12453, selected P. mirabilis reference sequences, and type strains of closely related Proteus species.

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology

Article Title: Isolation and characterization of multidrug-resistant Proteus mirabilis from diarrheic sika deer fawns in Northeast China

doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2026.1866786

Figure Lengend Snippet: Frequency of individual virulence genes among the 75 P. mirabilis isolates.

Article Snippet: Sequences of the study isolates were aligned with the P. mirabilis type strain ATCC 29906 T , the laboratory reference strain P. mirabilis ATCC 12453, selected P. mirabilis reference sequences, and type strains of closely related Proteus species.

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology

Article Title: Isolation and characterization of multidrug-resistant Proteus mirabilis from diarrheic sika deer fawns in Northeast China

doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2026.1866786

Figure Lengend Snippet: Selected combinations of antimicrobial resistance genes among the 75 P. mirabilis isolates.

Article Snippet: Sequences of the study isolates were aligned with the P. mirabilis type strain ATCC 29906 T , the laboratory reference strain P. mirabilis ATCC 12453, selected P. mirabilis reference sequences, and type strains of closely related Proteus species.

Techniques: AMR Genes

Journal: Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology

Article Title: Isolation and characterization of multidrug-resistant Proteus mirabilis from diarrheic sika deer fawns in Northeast China

doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2026.1866786

Figure Lengend Snippet: Frequency of individual antimicrobial resistance genes among the 75 P. mirabilis isolates.

Article Snippet: Sequences of the study isolates were aligned with the P. mirabilis type strain ATCC 29906 T , the laboratory reference strain P. mirabilis ATCC 12453, selected P. mirabilis reference sequences, and type strains of closely related Proteus species.

Techniques: AMR Genes

Journal: Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology

Article Title: Isolation and characterization of multidrug-resistant Proteus mirabilis from diarrheic sika deer fawns in Northeast China

doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2026.1866786

Figure Lengend Snippet: Antibiogram of the 75 P. mirabilis isolates.

Article Snippet: Sequences of the study isolates were aligned with the P. mirabilis type strain ATCC 29906 T , the laboratory reference strain P. mirabilis ATCC 12453, selected P. mirabilis reference sequences, and type strains of closely related Proteus species.

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology

Article Title: Isolation and characterization of multidrug-resistant Proteus mirabilis from diarrheic sika deer fawns in Northeast China

doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2026.1866786

Figure Lengend Snippet: Pathogenicity of selected P. mirabilis isolates in mice.

Article Snippet: Sequences of the study isolates were aligned with the P. mirabilis type strain ATCC 29906 T , the laboratory reference strain P. mirabilis ATCC 12453, selected P. mirabilis reference sequences, and type strains of closely related Proteus species.

Techniques: