Journal: Biomolecules
Article Title: Targeting Microglia in Alzheimer’s Disease: Pathogenesis and Potential Therapeutic Strategies
doi: 10.3390/biom14070833
Figure Lengend Snippet: Dynamic range of microglial subtypes in different conditions. Microglia exhibit various reactive states, representing a significant departure from the previously used classical (neurotoxic) and alternative (neuroprotective) activation classifications. This image illustrates the multifunctional roles of microglia within the dynamic immune landscape. Abbreviations: IL-1β, interleukin-1β; IL-6, interleukin-6; IL-10, interleukin-10; IL-18, interleukin-18; IL-4, interleukin-4; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; TGF-β, transforming growth factor-β; NO, nitric oxide; IL-4, interleukin-4; ROS: reactive oxygen species; INF-γ, Interferon-γ; NGF, nerve growth factor; BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor; DAM, disease associate microglia; MGnD, Microglial neurodegenerative-phenotype; LDAM, lipid-accumulating microglia; WAM, white matter-associate microglia; TMEM119, transmembrane protein 119; P2RY12, P2Y purinoceptor12; CX3CR1, CX3C chemokine receptor 1; TREM2, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2; CST7, cystatin 7; RAP1B, RAS related protein 1b; RAK1, receptor for activated C kinase1; CD63, cluster of differentiation 63; Clec7a, C-type lectin domain containing 7A; SNX17, sorting nexin 17; Lgals3, Galectin-3; Gpnmb, Glycoprotein-NMB; Fabp5, fatty acid-binding protein 5; ccl2, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2; TLR2/4, Toll-like receptor 2/4; CD47, cluster of differentiation 47; CSF1R, colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor; AD, Alzheimer’s disease; PD, Parkinson’s disease; ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Article Snippet: The MGnD is characterized by specific markers, including the C-type lectin domain family 7 (Clec7a), Galectin-3 (Lgals3), Glycoprotein-NMB (Gpnmb), integrin alpha X (Itgax), app1, fatty acid-binding protein 5 (Fabp5), and Ccl2.
Techniques: Activation Assay, Derivative Assay, Binding Assay