Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology
Article Title: Nano-in-Micro-Particles Consisting of PLGA Nanoparticles Embedded in Chitosan Microparticles via Spray-Drying Enhances Their Uptake in the Olfactory Mucosa
doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.732954
Figure Lengend Snippet: Permeation of PLGA nanoparticles (520 nm; red) (A–E) and PLGA-chitosan nano-in-micro particles (NiMPs) (F–J) . Maximum intensity projection (MIP) of Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) images stitched together from a z-stack, taken 15 min after application to the apical side of porcine olfactory mucosa. Cell nuclei stained with DAPI (blue). Red arrows mark nanoparticles (red) within the tissue. CD14 (green) labelled with anti-mouse Alexa Fluor ® 647 secondary antibody (A, B, F, G) . NF-H (cyan) labelled with anti-chicken FITC secondary antibody (D, E) . Chitosan labeled with fluorescein (cyan) (H) . Overlapping signals of red and green appear yellow (F) due to co-localization of PLGA nanoparticles (red) and chitosan (green). PLGA nanoparticles (single red channel) displayed in . LP, Lamina propria; BL, Basal cell layer; PL, Particle layer; EL, Epithelial cell layer.
Article Snippet: To visualize the initial immune reaction, CD14 + cells were stained via CD14 primary antibody (#NB100-77758, Novus Biologicals, Littleton, United States) and goat anti-mouse secondary IgG (H+L) Alexa Fluor ® 647 (#A-21235, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, United States).
Techniques: Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy, Staining, Labeling