Journal: Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine

Article Title: Gan-Mai-Da-Zao-Tang attenuates age-induced skeletal muscle wasting and improves mitochondrial function in mice

doi: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2024.12.001

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 2. Effects of GMDZ-WE on the protein expressions of (A) PGC-1α, (B) NRF-1, (C) FNDC5 and (D) the production of ATP in C2C12 myotubes. C2C12 cells were differentiated for 6 days and then treated with GMDZ-WE (10-200 μg/mL) for 24 h. Protein expression was measured by western blot analysis. Densitometry analyses are presented as the relative ratio of protein/β-actin and are represented as percentages of the matched control group. Intracellular ATP content was determined by using the ATP assay kit and relative ATP content (% of control) was calculated. Data represent the mean ± SEM. *p<0.05 GMDZ-WE treatment group vs. control group.

Article Snippet: Antibodies used in this study were indicated as follows: Mouse antibody against MyHC was purchased from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN, USA); Mouse antibody against malondialdehyde (MDA) was purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, USA); Mouse antibody against GAPDH and NRF1, anti-rabbit IgG-HRP and anti-mouse IgG-HRP were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA); Rabbit antibodies against p-IGF-1R (Tyr1135), tIGF-1R, p-IRS-1, IRS-1, p-Akt (Ser473), Akt, p-AMPK, and t-AMPK were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA); Rabbit antibody against PGC-1α was purchased from Novus Biologicals (St. Charles, MO, USA).

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot, Control, ATP Assay

Journal: Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine

Article Title: Gan-Mai-Da-Zao-Tang attenuates age-induced skeletal muscle wasting and improves mitochondrial function in mice

doi: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2024.12.001

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 8. Effects of GMDZ-WE on (A) ATP production, (B) DNA expression of MT-CO2, and protein expression of (C) p-AMPK/t-AMPK, (C) PGC-1α and (D) NRF-1 in the tibialis anterior muscle of aged C57BL/6 mice. Mice (25 and 82-week-old) were treated with GMDZ-WE (1 g/kg/day or 2 g/kg/day, p.o.) for 28 days. ATP content was determined by using the ATP assay kit and ATP content was calculated. The DNA expression of MT-CO2 was normalized to the level of the housekeeping gene 18S ribosomal RNA. mRNA level and protein expression were measured by western blot analysis and qPCR, respectively. Densitometry analyses of western blot are presented as the relative ratio of p-protein/protein or protein/GAPDH and are represented as percentages of the control group. Data represent the mean ± SEM. *p<0.05 82-week-old group (ddH2O only) vs. 25-week-old group (ddH2O only). #p<0.05 GMDZ-WE treatment group vs. 82-week-old group (ddH2O only).

Article Snippet: Antibodies used in this study were indicated as follows: Mouse antibody against MyHC was purchased from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN, USA); Mouse antibody against malondialdehyde (MDA) was purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, USA); Mouse antibody against GAPDH and NRF1, anti-rabbit IgG-HRP and anti-mouse IgG-HRP were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA); Rabbit antibodies against p-IGF-1R (Tyr1135), tIGF-1R, p-IRS-1, IRS-1, p-Akt (Ser473), Akt, p-AMPK, and t-AMPK were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA); Rabbit antibody against PGC-1α was purchased from Novus Biologicals (St. Charles, MO, USA).

Techniques: Expressing, ATP Assay, Western Blot, Control

Journal: Antioxidants

Article Title: Anti-Neuroinflammatory Effects of the Human Milk Oligosaccharide, 2′-Fucosyllactose, Exerted via Modulation of M2 Microglial Activation in a Mouse Model of Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury

doi: 10.3390/antiox12061281

Figure Lengend Snippet: 2′-FL activates STAT6 after ischemic brain injury. ( a ) Representative Western blot and its densitometric analysis of ( b ) pSTAT6, ( c ) PGC1α, and ( d ) pAMPK in whole brain at 3 and 7 days after MCAO (n = 3). ( e ) Photomicrograph for pSTAT6 + /Iba1 + in the striatum of ipsilateral side and ( f ) its histogram for IOD of pSTAT6 + cells (n = 3). ( g ) Level of IL-4 in the whole brain (n = 6). Data are expressed as Mean ± SEM. # < 0.05 vs. the Con group, * < 0.05, ** < 0.01 vs. the vehicle group. Scale bar = 100 μm.

Article Snippet: The antibodies against β-actin, NQO1, STAT6, and phospho-STAT6 (pSTAT6) were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX, USA) and the antibody against PGC1-α was obtained from Novus Biologicals (Centennial, CO, USA).

Techniques: Western Blot