egta  (Amresco)

Journal: Neuroscience Bulletin

Article Title: Biophotons Contribute to Retinal Dark Noise

doi: 10.1007/s12264-016-0029-6

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of Ca 2+ and PDE on biophotonic activity in rat retina. A – D Removing intra- and extracellular Ca 2+ together ( A and B , 10 µmol/L BAPTA-AM + 0.5 mmol/L EGTA, n = 5) or introducing a

Article Snippet: A phosphodiesterase 6 (PDE6) inhibitor (Zaprinast, 100 nmol/L, Sigma, St. Louis, MO), BAPTA-AM (10 μmol/L, Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR), and EGTA (0.5 mmol/L, Amresco, Solon, OH) were initially dissolved in DMSO and then diluted to their final concentrations in ACSF or Ringer’s solution.

Techniques: Activity Assay

Journal: Molecules and Cells

Article Title: Doxorubicin Induces the Persistent Activation of Intracellular Transglutaminase 2 That Protects from Cell Death

doi: 10.1007/s10059-012-2201-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: Doxorubicin-induced TG2 activation is inhibited by calcium chelators and caffeine. (A, B) The effect of BAPTA-AM (20 μM), EGTA (2 mM), or TLR2-neutralizing antibody (10 μg/ml) on TG activity after exposure to doxorubicin (1 μg/ml)

Article Snippet: To identify the mediators of doxorubicin-induced TG2 activation, the cells were pre-treated for 1 h with 1 mM of N-acetylcysteine (NAC; Sigma), 20 μM BAPTA-AM (Molecular probes), 2 mM EGTA (Amresco), 30 μg/ml transforming growth factor β (TGFβ)-neutralizing antibody (R & D Systems), 10 μg/ml toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)-neutralizing antibody (R & D Systems) or 0–20 mM caffeine (Sigma) before the doxorubicin treatment.

Techniques: Activation Assay, Activity Assay

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Spatiotemporal Imaging of Glutamate-Induced Biophotonic Activities and Transmission in Neural Circuits

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085643

Figure Lengend Snippet: The effects of different treatments on the biophotonic activities in mouse coronal brain slices. ( A–D ) Removing extracellular Ca 2+ ( A and B , 0.5 mM EGTA, n = 6) or removing intra- and extracellular Ca 2+ together ( C and D , 10 µM BAPTA-AM+0.5 mM EGTA, n = 6) from the beginning of the application of 50 mM glutamate (pink line in A and C ). The changes were significant during the maintenance period ( B and D ). ( E, F ) 1 µM TTX had no influence on the initiation, but partly on the maintenance (pink line, n = 5). ( G, H ) Both initiation (green line, n = 5) and maintenance (pink line, n = 6) were significantly affected by 0.5% procaine. ( I, J ) Both initiation (green line, n = 6) and maintenance (pink line, n = 6) were significantly affected by 0.05% sodium azide (SA), but a recovery was found after long-lasting application. Arrows indicate the treatment at the beginning of the application of 50 mM glutamate in A , C , E , G and I and arrowheads mark the treatment that began after the achievement of the maximum effect in G and I . t: treated group; c: control group (blue line) is same in A–J (n = 6), i : the treatment together with application of glutamate (initiating period), m : the treatment during the maintenance period. Data show mean±s.e.m. n = the number of slices from the same number of mice. * treated group (corresponding color) versus control at the same time periods; + the maximum effect just before treatment versus the effects after (arrows in B , D , F , J ) in treated group. * or + P

Article Snippet: BAPTA-AM (10 µM, Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR, USA), EGTA (0.5 mM, Amresco, Solon, OH, USA) and okadaic acid potassium salt (OA, 200 nM, LC Lab, Woburn, MA, USA) were initially dissolved in DMSO and then diluted to their final concentration in the ACSF.

Techniques: Mouse Assay