d dendrotoxin  (Alomone Labs)

Journal: The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

Article Title: Omega‐3 fatty acids for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease

doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003177.pub5

Figure Lengend Snippet: High vs low LCn3 omega‐3 fats (secondary outcomes)

Article Snippet: 84% of participants in each group took at least 75% of trial medications Other bias Low risk None noted AREDS2 2014 Methods A Study of Cardiovascular Events iN Diabetes (ASCEND) RCT, parallel, 2 × 2 factorial (n‐3 EPA + DHA vs MUFA) also randomised to aspirin vs placebo), median 7.4 years Summary risk of bias: low Participants People with diabetes, without apparent vascular disease (94% of participants in both arms had type 2 DM, TG unclear) N: 7740 intervention, 7740 control (ITT so 7740 in each arm analysed) Level of risk for CVD: moderate (DM) Men: intervention 62.6%, control 62.6% Age in years (SD): intervention 63.3 (9.2), control 63.3 (9.2) Age range: 40+ years Smokers: intervention 8.3%, control 8.3% Hypertension: intervention 61.6%, control 61.6% Medications taken by at least 50% of those in the control group: statins, metformin, ACE inhibitors or ARBs Medications taken by 20%‐49% of those in the control group: aspirin, insulin, sulphonylurea, calcium channel blockers Medications taken by some, but < 20% of the control group: NSAID, thiazolidinedione, beta‐blockers, thiazide or related diuretics, PPI Location: UK Ethnicty: white 96.5% intervention, 96.5% control Indian/Pakistani/Bangladeshi 1.2% intervention, 1.2% control African/Caribbean 0.9% intervention, 0.9% control Interventions Type: supplement (capsule) Comparison: EPA + DHA vs MUFA Intervention: 840 mg/d EPA+DHA (460 mg/d EPA plus 380 mg/d DHA) as 1 capsule daily, provided by Mylan, Solvay and Abbott Arm 1: omega‐3 (1 g/d: 0.41 g EPA, 0.34 g DHA) and placebo tablets for aspirin Arm 3: omega‐3 (1 g/d) and aspirin (100 mg/d) Control: 1 capsule/d of olive oil provided by Mylan, Solvay and Abbott Arm 2: aspirin (100 mg/d) and olive oil placebo capsule Arm 4: olive oil placebo and placebo tablets for aspirin Compliance: assessed through posted questionnaires, suggesting 77% compliance in intervention group, 76% in control.

Techniques:

Journal: The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

Article Title: Omega‐3 fatty acids for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease

doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003177.pub5

Figure Lengend Snippet: High vs low ALA omega‐3 fat (secondary outcomes)

Article Snippet: 84% of participants in each group took at least 75% of trial medications Other bias Low risk None noted AREDS2 2014 Methods A Study of Cardiovascular Events iN Diabetes (ASCEND) RCT, parallel, 2 × 2 factorial (n‐3 EPA + DHA vs MUFA) also randomised to aspirin vs placebo), median 7.4 years Summary risk of bias: low Participants People with diabetes, without apparent vascular disease (94% of participants in both arms had type 2 DM, TG unclear) N: 7740 intervention, 7740 control (ITT so 7740 in each arm analysed) Level of risk for CVD: moderate (DM) Men: intervention 62.6%, control 62.6% Age in years (SD): intervention 63.3 (9.2), control 63.3 (9.2) Age range: 40+ years Smokers: intervention 8.3%, control 8.3% Hypertension: intervention 61.6%, control 61.6% Medications taken by at least 50% of those in the control group: statins, metformin, ACE inhibitors or ARBs Medications taken by 20%‐49% of those in the control group: aspirin, insulin, sulphonylurea, calcium channel blockers Medications taken by some, but < 20% of the control group: NSAID, thiazolidinedione, beta‐blockers, thiazide or related diuretics, PPI Location: UK Ethnicty: white 96.5% intervention, 96.5% control Indian/Pakistani/Bangladeshi 1.2% intervention, 1.2% control African/Caribbean 0.9% intervention, 0.9% control Interventions Type: supplement (capsule) Comparison: EPA + DHA vs MUFA Intervention: 840 mg/d EPA+DHA (460 mg/d EPA plus 380 mg/d DHA) as 1 capsule daily, provided by Mylan, Solvay and Abbott Arm 1: omega‐3 (1 g/d: 0.41 g EPA, 0.34 g DHA) and placebo tablets for aspirin Arm 3: omega‐3 (1 g/d) and aspirin (100 mg/d) Control: 1 capsule/d of olive oil provided by Mylan, Solvay and Abbott Arm 2: aspirin (100 mg/d) and olive oil placebo capsule Arm 4: olive oil placebo and placebo tablets for aspirin Compliance: assessed through posted questionnaires, suggesting 77% compliance in intervention group, 76% in control.

Techniques: