Journal: Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science

Article Title: Essential Role of CD63 in Maintaining Corneal Epithelial Identity in the Human Limbus

doi: 10.1167/iovs.67.3.25

Figure Lengend Snippet: CD63 is expressed in the human limbal epithelium and regulates corneal epithelial gene expression. ( A ) Representative KRT12 (corneal epithelial cell marker, green ), KRT13 (conjunctival epithelial marker, yellow ), and CD63 ( red ) immunostaining in the human conjunctiva, limbus, and central cornea. Hoechst 33342 ( blue ) was used for the nuclei staining ( n = 3 donors). Scale bar = 50 µm. ( B ) The bar graph represents CD63 RNA expression in CD63 siRNA-treated cultured limbal epithelial cells ( n = 4 donors, mean ± SD; *** P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001). ( C , left panel ) Representative flow cytometry analyses of CD63 protein expression in CD63 siRNA-treated cultured limbal epithelial cells detected by flow cytometry. ( C , right panel ) The bar graph represents quantitative analyses of CD63 protein expression determined by flow cytometry ( n = 3 donors, mean ± SD; * P < 0.05). ( D , left panel ) Representative macroscopic images of colonies formed by CD63 KD cells compared to the control siRNA-transfected cells. ( D , right panel ) The bar graph represents a comparative analysis of the colony-forming efficiency ( n = 6 donors, mean ± SD; * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01). ( E ) Comparative analyses of the percentage of EdU-positive proliferating cells by CD63 KD in cultured human limbal epithelial cells ( n = 5 donors, mean ± SD; ** P < 0.01). ( F ) A Venn diagram illustrates the overlap of differentially expressed genes identified in both CD63 KD#1 and CD63 KD#2 conditions. ( G ) Bar graphs represent normalized counts of CD63 , KRT12 , CLU , ALDH1A1 , ALDH3A1 , TGFBI , and MYEOV RNA expression in CD63 siRNA-treated cultured limbal epithelial cells ( n = 3 donors, mean ± SD, *adjusted P < 0.05, **adjusted P < 0.01, ***adjusted P < 0.001, ****adjusted P < 0.0001). ( H , left panel ) Western blot analyses of KRT12, CLU, ALDH1A1, ALDH3A1, and TGFBI expression in control and CD63 siRNA-treated limbal epithelial cells. ( H , right panel ) Bar graphs represent quantitative analyses of protein expression ( n = 4 donors, mean ± SD; * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.01, **** P < 0.0001).

Article Snippet: GAPDH (Hs99999905_m1), CD63 (Hs01041237_g1), PAX6 (Hs01088114_m1), KRT12 (Hs00165015_m1), CLU (Hs00971656_m1), ALDH1A1 (Hs00946916_m1), ALDH3A1 (Hs00964880_m1), and TGFBI (Hs00932747_m1) TaqMan probes were used.

Techniques: Gene Expression, Marker, Immunostaining, Staining, RNA Expression, Cell Culture, Flow Cytometry, Expressing, Control, Transfection, Western Blot

Journal: Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science

Article Title: Essential Role of CD63 in Maintaining Corneal Epithelial Identity in the Human Limbus

doi: 10.1167/iovs.67.3.25

Figure Lengend Snippet: CD63 regulates corneal epithelial phenotype by maintaining PAX6 expression. ( A , left panel ) Western blot analysis of PAX6 expression in control and CD63 siRNA-treated limbal epithelial cells. ( A , right panel ) The bar graph represents quantitative analyses of PAX6 protein expression ( n = 4 donors, mean ± SD; * P < 0.05). ( B , left panel ) Western blot analysis of PAX6, KRT12, CLU, ALDH1A1, ALDH3A1, and TGFBI expressions in control and PAX6 siRNA-treated limbal epithelial cells. ( B , right panel ) Bar graph represents quantitative analyses of protein expression ( n = 3 donors, mean ± SD; * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001). ( C ) Bar graph represents miR-184 expression by CD63 siRNA-treated cultured limbal epithelial cells ( n = 3 donors, mean ± SD; ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001). ( D ) Bar graphs represent normalized counts of FOG2 and NUS1 RNA expression in CD63 siRNA-treated cultured limbal epithelial cells ( n = 3 donors, mean ± SD).

Article Snippet: GAPDH (Hs99999905_m1), CD63 (Hs01041237_g1), PAX6 (Hs01088114_m1), KRT12 (Hs00165015_m1), CLU (Hs00971656_m1), ALDH1A1 (Hs00946916_m1), ALDH3A1 (Hs00964880_m1), and TGFBI (Hs00932747_m1) TaqMan probes were used.

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot, Control, Cell Culture, RNA Expression

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: Characterization and antibacterial efficacy of Streptomyces sp. NELs-40 against Staphylococcus aureus

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2026.1840366

Figure Lengend Snippet: Phylogenetic tree constructed using the neighbor-joining method for strain NELs-40, derived from 16S rRNA gene sequences. The numbers on the branches represent bootstrap values from 1,000 replicates. The scale bar indicates 0.0002 nucleotide substitutions per position.

Article Snippet: This study aimed to characterize Streptomyces sp. strain NELs-40 genomically, optimize its antimicrobial production, evaluate its efficacy against MRSA ATCC 43300, and identify its bioactive metabolites.

Techniques: Construct, Derivative Assay

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: Characterization and antibacterial efficacy of Streptomyces sp. NELs-40 against Staphylococcus aureus

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2026.1840366

Figure Lengend Snippet: Genome sequencing and annotation of NELs-40. (A) Depicts a schematic representation of the NELs-40 chromosome. The outermost and fourth circles represent predicted protein-coding regions classified by COG function categories on the forward and reverse strands, with different colors indicating various COG pathway categories. Circles two and three illustrate the distribution of CDS, tRNA, and rRNA. The fifth and sixth circles display the G + C content and G + C skew. (B) Details of the COG classification of NELs-40 genome. (C) The KEGG pathway annotation.

Article Snippet: This study aimed to characterize Streptomyces sp. strain NELs-40 genomically, optimize its antimicrobial production, evaluate its efficacy against MRSA ATCC 43300, and identify its bioactive metabolites.

Techniques: Sequencing

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: Characterization and antibacterial efficacy of Streptomyces sp. NELs-40 against Staphylococcus aureus

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2026.1840366

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparative analysis of BGCs from strain NELs-40 with known clusters. (A) AntiSMASH comparison showing percent similarity to known clusters in the MIBiG database. (B) Clinker synteny plot showing collinearity and gene order conservation between NELs-40 BGCs and their homologous known clusters.

Article Snippet: This study aimed to characterize Streptomyces sp. strain NELs-40 genomically, optimize its antimicrobial production, evaluate its efficacy against MRSA ATCC 43300, and identify its bioactive metabolites.

Techniques: Comparison

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: Characterization and antibacterial efficacy of Streptomyces sp. NELs-40 against Staphylococcus aureus

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2026.1840366

Figure Lengend Snippet: Antibacterial activity of Streptomyces parvus strain NELs-40 against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300. (A) Agar well diffusion assay showing inhibition zones produced by the NELs-40 extract against the tested bacterial pathogen (1: NELs-40 extract, 2: extract from sterile medium without bacterial inoculation). (B) DMSO solvent control showing no antibacterial activity. (C) Vancomycin positive control. (D) Residual antibacterial activity of the extract following exposure to various enzymes (1: control, 2: trypsin, 3: proteinase K, 4: lipase, 5: pepsin). (E) Biofilm inhibition assay in microtiter plates stained with crystal violet, demonstrating a reduction in biofilm biomass in the presence of the NELs-40 extract compared to untreated controls. (F) Heat stability of the extract, measured by residual activity after exposure to different temperatures. (G) pH stability of the extract, determined by residual activity after incubation at varying pH levels.

Article Snippet: This study aimed to characterize Streptomyces sp. strain NELs-40 genomically, optimize its antimicrobial production, evaluate its efficacy against MRSA ATCC 43300, and identify its bioactive metabolites.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Diffusion-based Assay, Inhibition, Produced, Sterility, Solvent, Control, Positive Control, Staining, Incubation