Journal: Viruses

Article Title: Camelpox Virus in Western Kazakhstan: Assessment of the Role of Local Fauna as Reservoirs of Infection

doi: 10.3390/v16101626

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( a ) Quantitative size of samples with positive CMLV in the PCR-RT test system depending on the age of the camels and the species; ( b ) comparison of data between regions with different levels of immunization.

Article Snippet: For serological research aimed at detecting antibodies against camelpox, the Camelpox Virus Antibody (CMLV-Ab) ELISA Kit (Abbexa Ltd., Cambridge, UK) was used, following the instructions provided with the commercial kit.

Techniques: Comparison

Journal: Viruses

Article Title: Camelpox Virus in Western Kazakhstan: Assessment of the Role of Local Fauna as Reservoirs of Infection

doi: 10.3390/v16101626

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( a ) Quantitative size of samples with positive CMLV in the PCR-RT test system depending on the age of the camels and the species; ( b ) comparison of data between regions with different levels of immunization.

Article Snippet: To diagnose camelpox virus, the PCR-RV diagnostic system (QuantStudio 5) was used with a set of Primerdesign LTD reagents (Genesig, Eastleigh, UK).

Techniques: Comparison

Journal: Frontiers in Veterinary Science

Article Title: Development and Evaluation of a Live Attenuated Egg-Based Camelpox Vaccine

doi: 10.3389/fvets.2021.721023

Figure Lengend Snippet: Reversibility testing of an attenuated KM-40 strain of camelpox virus. (A) Temperature response of vaccinated and control camels analyzed for vaccine strain reversibility. (B) PCR results for detection of viral DNA in the blood of infected animals. In the blood of infected camels sampled on days 3 and 4 after infection, viral DNA was detected at the first and second passages, whereas no virus DNA was detected in the blood of infected camels at the third passage. Ct values between 16 and 25 are positive, while Ct values ≥30 are negative. (C) Virus titer on CAM of the ECE in blood samples collected on days 3 and 4 after infection. (D) characteristic of the formation pock lesions on CAM of the ECE.

Article Snippet: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of camelpox virus DNA in whole blood samples from infected camels was performed with a PCR kit according to the manufacturer's instructions (Genesig ® Advanced PCR kit, Primerdesign™ Ltd, UK).

Techniques: Infection

Journal: Frontiers in Veterinary Science

Article Title: Development and Evaluation of a Live Attenuated Egg-Based Camelpox Vaccine

doi: 10.3389/fvets.2021.721023

Figure Lengend Snippet: Evaluation of duration of the immune response and protective efficacy of the camelpox vaccine. (A) Dynamics of VNA formation in sera of vaccinated animals against camelpox. VNA are formed starting from days 6–7 and are detected even at 12 months in titers ensuring immunity of vaccinated animals to the virulent wild-type M-96 strain at the dose of 10 5.0 EID 50 . (B) Temperature response of vaccinated and unvaccinated camels after challenge. (C) Cutaneous reaction and dermal histopathology of vaccinated and unvaccinated camels after challenge (multilayer squamous epithelium at the scarification area is relatively thin, the borders of the papillary and reticular layers of the skin are distinguishable, and primary and secondary follicles and other components of the skin base are visible). Formation of papules and vesicles in places of virus inoculation in unvaccinated animals was observed on 7–9 days, also on the skin of lips, outer part of nose wings, hind legs, head with subsequent formation of pox crusts on 10–14 days. The candidate vaccine induced an immune response that provided a statistically significant reduction in the severity of clinical signs of camelpox ( P < 0.0001) and 100% protection ( P < 0.0001).

Article Snippet: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of camelpox virus DNA in whole blood samples from infected camels was performed with a PCR kit according to the manufacturer's instructions (Genesig ® Advanced PCR kit, Primerdesign™ Ltd, UK).

Techniques: Histopathology