Journal: Molecular Neurobiology

Article Title: Therapeutic Repurposing of Avanafil Against Lipopolysaccharide-induced Depression and Autoimmune Hepatitis: Gut-brain-liver Axis Orchestration Via Regulation of TLR4/NF-κB/IDO and Nrf2/HO-1 Pathways

doi: 10.1007/s12035-026-05854-4

Figure Lengend Snippet: AVA suppresses TLR4 expression in rat colon. photomicrographs depicting immunohistochemical staining of TLR4 in rat colon. A Control group, B LPS group, C LPS+AVA-treated group, D AVA alone treatment, and E quantification of TLR4 area percentage. The data (mean ± SD) underwent statistical evaluation utilizing one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc comparison. Statistical significance was indicated by “a” and “b,” representing differences from the normal control and LPS groups, respectively, at P < 0.05. LPS, lipopolysaccharide; AVA, avanafil; TLR4, Toll-like receptor 4

Article Snippet: The cells were then treated with anti-TLR4 antibody (bs-1021R - Bioss USA - 1:200), anti-ZO-1(1:1000 - Abcam - EPR19945-224), and anti-MMP-9 (GTX100458 - GeneTex Inc. - 1:200) overnight at 4 °C.

Techniques: Expressing, Immunohistochemical staining, Staining, Control, Comparison

Journal: Molecular Neurobiology

Article Title: Therapeutic Repurposing of Avanafil Against Lipopolysaccharide-induced Depression and Autoimmune Hepatitis: Gut-brain-liver Axis Orchestration Via Regulation of TLR4/NF-κB/IDO and Nrf2/HO-1 Pathways

doi: 10.1007/s12035-026-05854-4

Figure Lengend Snippet: AVA attenuates hepatic TLR4 expression. photomicrographs depicting immunohistochemical staining of TLR4 in rat liver. A Control group, B LPS group, C LPS+AVA-treated group, D AVA alone treatment, and E quantification of TLR4 area percentage. The data (mean ± SD) underwent statistical evaluation utilizing one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc comparison. Statistical significance was indicated by “a” and “b,” representing differences from the normal control and LPS groups, respectively, at P < 0.05. LPS, lipopolysaccharide; AVA, avanafil; TLR4, Toll-like receptor 4

Article Snippet: The cells were then treated with anti-TLR4 antibody (bs-1021R - Bioss USA - 1:200), anti-ZO-1(1:1000 - Abcam - EPR19945-224), and anti-MMP-9 (GTX100458 - GeneTex Inc. - 1:200) overnight at 4 °C.

Techniques: Expressing, Immunohistochemical staining, Staining, Control, Comparison

Journal: The Cell Surface

Article Title: Pap1 is an adhesin involved in the interaction of Sporothrix schenckii and Sporothrix brasiliensis with the host

doi: 10.1016/j.tcsw.2025.100164

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cytokine stimulation by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Yeast-like cells and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were coincubated for 24 h, and the secreted cytokines were quantified by ELISA. Panels A , C , and E are results generated with S. schenckii yeast-like cells (WT, 1099–18 ATCC MYA 4821 strain), while panels B , D , and F are results obtained with S. brasiliensis strains (WT, 5110 ATCC MYA 4823 strain). None, human cells preincubated with 5 μg mL −1 polymyxin B; Anti-MR, human cells preincubated with 5 μg mL −1 polymyxin B and 10 μg mL −1 anti-mannose receptor antibody. Anti-TLR4, human cells preincubated with 5 μg mL −1 polymyxin B and 10 μg mL −1 anti-TLR4. Data are means ± SD obtained with samples from eight donors, each assayed in duplicate wells. Results were analyzed with Dunnett's test and then the Mann-Whitney U test. * P < 0.05 when compared to strains WT, HSS67, or HSS68 (panels A , C , and E ). * P < 0.05 when compared to strains WT, HSB28, or HSB29 (panels B , D , and F ). † P < 0.05 when compared to the “None” group from the same strain.

Article Snippet: When required, the human cells were pre-incubated for 1 h at 37 °C and 5 % (v/v) CO 2 with one of the following immune receptor antagonists: 10 μg mL −1 of anti-mannose receptor (MR) (Thermo-Fisher Scientific, MA5–44033), or 10 μg mL −1 anti-TLR4 antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA sc-293,072).

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Generated, MANN-WHITNEY

Journal: The Cell Surface

Article Title: Pap1 is an adhesin involved in the interaction of Sporothrix schenckii and Sporothrix brasiliensis with the host

doi: 10.1016/j.tcsw.2025.100164

Figure Lengend Snippet: Phagocytosis of Sporothrix schenckii and Sporothrix brasiliensis PAP1 -silenced strains. Yeast-like cells were labeled with Acridine Orange and used to interact with human monocyte-derived macrophages for 2 h at 37 °C and 5 % (v/v) CO 2 . Then, macrophages were collected and analyzed by flow cytometry. Macrophages that were interacting with at least one red fluorescent yeast-like cell were included in the analysis. None, human cells preincubated with 5 μg mL-1 polymyxin B. Anti-MR, human cells preincubated with 5 μg mL −1 polymyxin B and 10 μg mL −1 anti-mannose receptor antibody. Anti-TLR4, human cells preincubated with 5 μg mL −1 polymyxin B and 10 μg mL −1 anti-TLR4. Panel A , results generated with S. schenckii yeast-like cells (WT, 1099–18 ATCC MYA 4821 strain); while in panel B are results obtained with S. brasiliensis strains (WT, 5110 ATCC MYA 4823 strain). Data are means ± SD obtained with samples from eight donors, each assayed in duplicate wells. Results were analyzed with Dunnett's test and then the Mann-Whitney U test. * P < 0.05 when compared to strains WT, HSS67, or HSS68 (panel A ). * P < 0.05 when compared to strains WT, HSB28, or HSB29 (panel B ). † P < 0.05 when compared to the “None” group from the same strain. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)

Article Snippet: When required, the human cells were pre-incubated for 1 h at 37 °C and 5 % (v/v) CO 2 with one of the following immune receptor antagonists: 10 μg mL −1 of anti-mannose receptor (MR) (Thermo-Fisher Scientific, MA5–44033), or 10 μg mL −1 anti-TLR4 antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA sc-293,072).

Techniques: Labeling, Derivative Assay, Flow Cytometry, Generated, MANN-WHITNEY

Journal: The Cell Surface

Article Title: Pap1 is an adhesin involved in the interaction of Sporothrix schenckii and Sporothrix brasiliensis with the host

doi: 10.1016/j.tcsw.2025.100164

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cytokine stimulation by human monocyte-derived macrophages. Yeast-like cells and monocyte-derived macrophages were coincubated for 24 h, and the secreted cytokines were quantified by ELISA. Panels A and C are results generated with S. schenckii yeast-like cells (WT, 1099–18 ATCC MYA 4821 strain); while panels B and D are results obtained with S. brasiliensis strains (WT, 5110 ATCC MYA 4823 strain). None, human cells preincubated with 5 μg mL −1 polymyxin B. Anti-MR, human cells preincubated with 5 μg mL −1 polymyxin B and 10 μg mL −1 anti-mannose receptor antibody. Anti-TLR4, human cells preincubated with 5 μg mL −1 polymyxin B and 10 μg mL −1 anti-TLR4. Data are means ± SD obtained with samples from eight donors, each assayed in duplicate wells. Results were analyzed with Dunnett's test and then the Mann-Whitney U test. * P < 0.05 when compared to strains WT, HSS67, or HSS68 (panels A and C ). * P < 0.05 when compared to strains WT, HSB28, or HSB29 (panels B and D ). cells. † P < 0.05 when compared to the “None” group from the same strain.

Article Snippet: When required, the human cells were pre-incubated for 1 h at 37 °C and 5 % (v/v) CO 2 with one of the following immune receptor antagonists: 10 μg mL −1 of anti-mannose receptor (MR) (Thermo-Fisher Scientific, MA5–44033), or 10 μg mL −1 anti-TLR4 antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA sc-293,072).

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Generated, MANN-WHITNEY