phi29 polymerase (New England Biolabs)
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Name:
phi29 DNA Polymerase
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phi29 DNA Polymerase 1 250 units
Catalog Number:
m0269l
Price:
228
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1 250 units
Category:
DNA Polymerases
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Structured Review
New England Biolabs
phi29 polymerase
phi29 DNA Polymerase 1 250 units
https://www.bioz.com/result/phi29 polymerase/product/New England Biolabs
Average 99 stars, based on 158 article reviews
Price from $9.99 to $1999.99
phi29 DNA Polymerase 1 250 units
https://www.bioz.com/result/phi29 polymerase/product/New England Biolabs
Average 99 stars, based on 158 article reviews
Price from $9.99 to $1999.99
phi29 polymerase - by Bioz Stars,
2020-09
99/100 stars
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Images
1) Product Images from "Tapping diversity lost in transformations--in vitro amplification of ligation reactions"
Article Title: Tapping diversity lost in transformations--in vitro amplification of ligation reactions
Journal: Nucleic Acids Research
doi: 10.1093/nar/gkl605
Figure Legend Snippet: Antibody repertoire by combinatorial ligation. Regions corresponding to CDRs 1/2 and CDR 3 were PCR-amplified and recombined by ligation into a PCR-amplified phagemid vector backbone. The ligation reactions were either directly electroporated or amplified using Phi29 polymerase followed by electroporation into E.coli bacteria.
Techniques Used: Ligation, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Amplification, Plasmid Preparation, Electroporation
Figure Legend Snippet: In vitro amplification of ligation reactions. Linear fragments were joined into recombinant, circular units by treatment with DNA ligase. Hexamer primers were annealed and Phi29 polymerase added. This causes extensive amplification of circular species through rolling-circle replication and the formation of extended linear concatemers. The concatemers were cleaved by restriction digestion and re-circularized using DNA ligase.
Techniques Used: In Vitro, Amplification, Ligation, Recombinant
2) Product Images from "Telomere damage induces internal loops that generate telomeric circles"
Article Title: Telomere damage induces internal loops that generate telomeric circles
Journal: bioRxiv
doi: 10.1101/2020.01.29.924951
Figure Legend Snippet: A two-step procedure for the purification of mammalian telomeres A. Top: agarose gel showing the separation of the large telomeric repeat fragments from the bulk DNA in a sucrose gradient. Genomic DNA (~2.5 mg) from SV40-MEFs was digested with HinfI and MspI. The digested DNA was separated by centrifugation on a sucrose gradient. Seven fractions were collected and an aliquot (~1/500) of each fraction was loaded on an agarose gel. Bottom: the gel was blotted onto a membrane and hybridized with a TTAGGG repeats probe to verify that telomeric repeats remained in the high molecular weight (HMW) fractions. B. Left: agarose gel showing the separation of the large telomeric repeat fragments from the remaining non-telomeric DNA, in the second purification round. The HMW DNA, contained in the last four fractions of the sucrose gradient described in (A), was recovered and digested with RsaI, AluI, MboI, HinfI, MspI, HphI and MnlI. The digested DNA was separated on a preparative agarose gel and the DNA migrating in the area above 5 kb was extracted from the gel. The image shows an aliquot (~1/100) of the digested DNA, separated on an agarose gel. Right: the gel was blotted onto a membrane and hybridized with a TTAGGG repeats probe to verify that telomeric repeats remained in the HMW area. C. Dot blot analysis showing the enrichment of telomeric repeats. The indicated amounts of DNA from each enrichment step were spotted on a membrane and hybridized either with a probe recognizing the long interspersed BamHI repeats or TTAGGG repeats. The amount of TTAGGG repeat signal/ng was quantified and reported relative to the signal/ng value in the initial, non-enriched DNA. D. Single molecule analysis showing the enrichment of the telomeric repeats. The DNA was combed onto silanized coverslips, denatured in situ and labeled sequentially with an antibody against single-stranded DNA and a Cy3-labeled (TTAGGG) 3 PNA probe.
Techniques Used: Purification, Agarose Gel Electrophoresis, Centrifugation, Molecular Weight, Dot Blot, In Situ, Labeling
Figure Legend Snippet: I-loops are induced by single-strand damage at telomeric repeats (see also Figure S5 ). A. 2D-gel analysis showing that the t-circle arc can be strongly induced by formation of nicks and gaps at telomeres. MEFs nuclei were incubated with either 0; 1; 2.5 or 5 μg/ml of DNase I for 8 minutes at RT. The reaction was stopped and the genomic DNA was isolated. 5 μg were digested with AluI and MboI and separated on 2D-gels. The gels were blotted on a membrane and hybridized with a TTAGGG repeats probe. The ratio of the telomeric signal in the t-circle arc (yellow arrows) and in the linears (black arrows), is reported relative to the untreated sample, which was arbitrarily set to 100. B. 2D-gel analysis showing that the t-circle arc can form spontaneously, in the presence of nicks and gaps at the telomeric repeats. Isolated mouse genomic DNA was incubated with either 0; 0.1; 0.2 or 0.4 μg/ml of DNase I for 8 min at RT. The reaction was stopped, the DNA was extracted with phenol-chloroform, digested with AluI and MboI, separated on 2D-gels, blotted on a membrane and hybridized with a probe recognizing the TTAGGG repeats. The ratio of the telomeric signal in the t-circle arc and in the linears, is reported relative to the untreated sample which was arbitrarily set to 100. C. Dot blot showing the enrichment of the telomeric repeats, after the large-scale DNase I treatment. Around 500 × 10 6 SV40-MEFs nuclei were incubated either with 0 or 5 μg/ml of DNase I for 8 minutes at RT. The reaction was stopped, genomic DNA was isolated and telomeres were enriched with the procedure described in Figure 1 . The indicated amounts from each enrichment step were spotted on a membrane and hybridized with a probe recognizing the TTAGGG repeats. The telomeric signal per ng of DNA is reported relative to the non-enriched DNA. D. Accumulation of i-loops at telomeres damaged by DNase I. Telomere-enriched DNA from the experiment described in (C) was analyzed in EM. The percentage of molecules with internal loops is reported. A KpnI-digested bulk DNA control was included for the sample treated with DNase I. E. Examples of molecules with internal loops observed at telomere preparations, from DNase I-treated nuclei. Insets show 2X enlargements of the area inside the yellow rectangles.
Techniques Used: Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis, Incubation, Isolation, Dot Blot
3) Product Images from "Tapping diversity lost in transformations--in vitro amplification of ligation reactions"
Article Title: Tapping diversity lost in transformations--in vitro amplification of ligation reactions
Journal: Nucleic Acids Research
doi: 10.1093/nar/gkl605
Figure Legend Snippet: Antibody repertoire by combinatorial ligation. Regions corresponding to CDRs 1/2 and CDR 3 were PCR-amplified and recombined by ligation into a PCR-amplified phagemid vector backbone. The ligation reactions were either directly electroporated or amplified using Phi29 polymerase followed by electroporation into E.coli bacteria.
Techniques Used: Ligation, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Amplification, Plasmid Preparation, Electroporation
Figure Legend Snippet: In vitro amplification of ligation reactions. Linear fragments were joined into recombinant, circular units by treatment with DNA ligase. Hexamer primers were annealed and Phi29 polymerase added. This causes extensive amplification of circular species through rolling-circle replication and the formation of extended linear concatemers. The concatemers were cleaved by restriction digestion and re-circularized using DNA ligase.
Techniques Used: In Vitro, Amplification, Ligation, Recombinant
4) Product Images from "A Comparison of Methods for the Extraction of Plasmids Capable of Conferring Antibiotic Resistance in a Human Pathogen From Complex Broiler Cecal Samples"
Article Title: A Comparison of Methods for the Extraction of Plasmids Capable of Conferring Antibiotic Resistance in a Human Pathogen From Complex Broiler Cecal Samples
Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology
doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01731
Figure Legend Snippet: Plasmid DNA from the cecal sample after amplification with phi29 polymerase. 1 , 1 kb ladder and 2 , Plasmid DNA amplified with Phi29 DNA polymerase.
Techniques Used: Plasmid Preparation, Amplification
Figure Legend Snippet: Digested plasmid DNA extracted from E. coli transformants after electroporation with the phi29 polymerase amplified DNA. 1 , 1 kb ladder; Plasmid DNA extracted from transformants selected on agar plates containing; 2 , ampicillin 32 mg/L (M_Amp_BC); 3 , ampicillin 32 mg/L (M_Amp_SC); 4 , tetracycline 16 mg/L (M_Tet_BC); 5 , tetracycline 16 mg/L (M_Tet_SC); 6 , kanamycin 25 mg/L (M_Kan); 7 , ciprofloxacin 16 mg/L (M_Cip). BC and SC refer to the two different colony morphology types, big or small colonies, on the same antibiotic plate.
Techniques Used: Plasmid Preparation, Electroporation, Amplification
5) Product Images from "Improvements of rolling circle amplification (RCA) efficiency and accuracy using Thermus thermophilus SSB mutant protein"
Article Title: Improvements of rolling circle amplification (RCA) efficiency and accuracy using Thermus thermophilus SSB mutant protein
Journal: Nucleic Acids Research
doi: 10.1093/nar/gkl350
Figure Legend Snippet: Effect of Tth SSB-255 protein on the efficiency and specificity of RCA. ( a ) Top: RCAs were performed in the absence of the SSB proteins using pUC19 DNA as template and phi29 DNA polymerase for the indicated reaction times. Bottom: Signals of spot hybridization of the same samples. ( b ) Top and Bottom: same as (a), except for the absence of template DNA. ( c ) Top and Bottom: same as (a), except for the presence of the Tth SSB protein (3.0 µg/20 µl reaction volume). ( d ) Top and Bottom: same as (c), except for the absence of template DNA. ( e ) Top and Bottom: same as (a), except for the presence of the Tth SSB-255 protein (3.0 µg/20 µl reaction volume). ( f ) Top and Bottom: same as (e), except for the absence of template DNA.
Techniques Used: Hybridization
Figure Legend Snippet: Effect of Tth SSB-255 protein on RCA assays. ( a ) RCAs were carried out in the absence or presence of the indicated SSB proteins using pUC19 DNA as a template and phi29 DNA polymerase. ( b ) Same as (a), except for using linearized ( Eco RI) pUC19 DNA as the template. ( c ) Same as (a), except that the amplifications were carried out in the absence of template DNA. Lane M: molecular weight markers (100 and 12 kb).
Techniques Used: Molecular Weight
6) Product Images from "Telomere damage induces internal loops that generate telomeric circles"
Article Title: Telomere damage induces internal loops that generate telomeric circles
Journal: bioRxiv
doi: 10.1101/2020.01.29.924951
Figure Legend Snippet: A two-step procedure for the purification of mammalian telomeres A. Top: agarose gel showing the separation of the large telomeric repeat fragments from the bulk DNA in a sucrose gradient. Genomic DNA (~2.5 mg) from SV40-MEFs was digested with HinfI and MspI. The digested DNA was separated by centrifugation on a sucrose gradient. Seven fractions were collected and an aliquot (~1/500) of each fraction was loaded on an agarose gel. Bottom: the gel was blotted onto a membrane and hybridized with a TTAGGG repeats probe to verify that telomeric repeats remained in the high molecular weight (HMW) fractions. B. Left: agarose gel showing the separation of the large telomeric repeat fragments from the remaining non-telomeric DNA, in the second purification round. The HMW DNA, contained in the last four fractions of the sucrose gradient described in (A), was recovered and digested with RsaI, AluI, MboI, HinfI, MspI, HphI and MnlI. The digested DNA was separated on a preparative agarose gel and the DNA migrating in the area above 5 kb was extracted from the gel. The image shows an aliquot (~1/100) of the digested DNA, separated on an agarose gel. Right: the gel was blotted onto a membrane and hybridized with a TTAGGG repeats probe to verify that telomeric repeats remained in the HMW area. C. Dot blot analysis showing the enrichment of telomeric repeats. The indicated amounts of DNA from each enrichment step were spotted on a membrane and hybridized either with a probe recognizing the long interspersed BamHI repeats or TTAGGG repeats. The amount of TTAGGG repeat signal/ng was quantified and reported relative to the signal/ng value in the initial, non-enriched DNA. D. Single molecule analysis showing the enrichment of the telomeric repeats. The DNA was combed onto silanized coverslips, denatured in situ and labeled sequentially with an antibody against single-stranded DNA and a Cy3-labeled (TTAGGG) 3 PNA probe.
Techniques Used: Purification, Agarose Gel Electrophoresis, Centrifugation, Molecular Weight, Dot Blot, In Situ, Labeling
Figure Legend Snippet: I-loops are induced by single-strand damage at telomeric repeats (see also Figure S5 ). A. 2D-gel analysis showing that the t-circle arc can be strongly induced by formation of nicks and gaps at telomeres. MEFs nuclei were incubated with either 0; 1; 2.5 or 5 μg/ml of DNase I for 8 minutes at RT. The reaction was stopped and the genomic DNA was isolated. 5 μg were digested with AluI and MboI and separated on 2D-gels. The gels were blotted on a membrane and hybridized with a TTAGGG repeats probe. The ratio of the telomeric signal in the t-circle arc (yellow arrows) and in the linears (black arrows), is reported relative to the untreated sample, which was arbitrarily set to 100. B. 2D-gel analysis showing that the t-circle arc can form spontaneously, in the presence of nicks and gaps at the telomeric repeats. Isolated mouse genomic DNA was incubated with either 0; 0.1; 0.2 or 0.4 μg/ml of DNase I for 8 min at RT. The reaction was stopped, the DNA was extracted with phenol-chloroform, digested with AluI and MboI, separated on 2D-gels, blotted on a membrane and hybridized with a probe recognizing the TTAGGG repeats. The ratio of the telomeric signal in the t-circle arc and in the linears, is reported relative to the untreated sample which was arbitrarily set to 100. C. Dot blot showing the enrichment of the telomeric repeats, after the large-scale DNase I treatment. Around 500 × 10 6 SV40-MEFs nuclei were incubated either with 0 or 5 μg/ml of DNase I for 8 minutes at RT. The reaction was stopped, genomic DNA was isolated and telomeres were enriched with the procedure described in Figure 1 . The indicated amounts from each enrichment step were spotted on a membrane and hybridized with a probe recognizing the TTAGGG repeats. The telomeric signal per ng of DNA is reported relative to the non-enriched DNA. D. Accumulation of i-loops at telomeres damaged by DNase I. Telomere-enriched DNA from the experiment described in (C) was analyzed in EM. The percentage of molecules with internal loops is reported. A KpnI-digested bulk DNA control was included for the sample treated with DNase I. E. Examples of molecules with internal loops observed at telomere preparations, from DNase I-treated nuclei. Insets show 2X enlargements of the area inside the yellow rectangles.
Techniques Used: Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis, Incubation, Isolation, Dot Blot
7) Product Images from "A transcription and translation-coupled DNA replication system using rolling-circle replication"
Article Title: A transcription and translation-coupled DNA replication system using rolling-circle replication
Journal: Scientific Reports
doi: 10.1038/srep10404
![Transcription- and translation-coupled DNA (TTcDR) replication. To perform the TTcDR reaction, circular plasmid DNA encoding phi29 DNA polymerase was incubated with the translation system optimized in a previous study 11 , including dNTPs, yeast ppiase, T7 RNA polymerase, and [ 32 P]-dCTP, for 12 h at 30 °C. An aliquot of the mixture after incubation was used in 1% agarose gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. The arrowhead indicates the product of the TTcDR reaction. Lane 1: lambda-BstPI marker. Lane 2: TTcDR reaction without plasmid DNA. Lane 3: TTcDR reaction with plasmid DNA. Lane 4: DNA polymerization with a purified phi29 in phi29 standard buffer.](https://storage.googleapis.com/bioz_article_images/PMC4445062/srep10404-f2.jpg "... perform the TTcDR reaction, circular plasmid DNA encoding phi29 DNA polymerase was incubated with the translation system ...")
Figure Legend Snippet: Transcription- and translation-coupled DNA (TTcDR) replication. To perform the TTcDR reaction, circular plasmid DNA encoding phi29 DNA polymerase was incubated with the translation system optimized in a previous study 11 , including dNTPs, yeast ppiase, T7 RNA polymerase, and [ 32 P]-dCTP, for 12 h at 30 °C. An aliquot of the mixture after incubation was used in 1% agarose gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. The arrowhead indicates the product of the TTcDR reaction. Lane 1: lambda-BstPI marker. Lane 2: TTcDR reaction without plasmid DNA. Lane 3: TTcDR reaction with plasmid DNA. Lane 4: DNA polymerization with a purified phi29 in phi29 standard buffer.
Techniques Used: Plasmid Preparation, Incubation, Agarose Gel Electrophoresis, Autoradiography, Marker, Purification
![Translation of phi29 DNA polymerase from newly synthesized DNA in the TTcDR reaction. A ) Experimental procedure. First, we performed the optimized TTcDR reaction without [ 35 S]-methionine in the presence or absence of dNTPs, and one-tenth of the mixture was transferred to the second reaction mixture, which contained [ 35 S]-methionine, to detect translation from the replicated DNA product in the first reaction. After incubation at 30 °C for 12 h, an aliquot was used for 10% SDS-PAGE and autoradiography. B ) Translation results. Increased translation of the DNA polymerase was detected when the first reaction contained dNTPs, indicating that the translation occurred from the DNA produced in the first reaction.](https://storage.googleapis.com/bioz_article_images/PMC4445062/srep10404-f5.jpg "Translation of phi29 DNA polymerase from newly synthesized DNA in the ...")
Figure Legend Snippet: Translation of phi29 DNA polymerase from newly synthesized DNA in the TTcDR reaction. A ) Experimental procedure. First, we performed the optimized TTcDR reaction without [ 35 S]-methionine in the presence or absence of dNTPs, and one-tenth of the mixture was transferred to the second reaction mixture, which contained [ 35 S]-methionine, to detect translation from the replicated DNA product in the first reaction. After incubation at 30 °C for 12 h, an aliquot was used for 10% SDS-PAGE and autoradiography. B ) Translation results. Increased translation of the DNA polymerase was detected when the first reaction contained dNTPs, indicating that the translation occurred from the DNA produced in the first reaction.
Techniques Used: Synthesized, Incubation, SDS Page, Autoradiography, Produced
Figure Legend Snippet: DNA replication with or without random hexamers in the absence of TTcDR components. DNA replication was performed by purified phi29 DNA polymerase with or without random hexamers in the TTcDR mixtures in which some of the components (NTP, tRNA, T7 polymerase, ribosome, and translation proteins) were omitted, and the amount of replicated DNA was measured as described in the Methods section. The translation proteins contained all protein factors in the translation system (e.g., IFs, EFs, RFs, and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases). In the experiments with random hexamers, the template plasmid was heated with the hexamers at 95 °C for 3 min and then cooled immediately.
Techniques Used: Purification, Plasmid Preparation
Figure Legend Snippet: Schematic representation of the transcription- and translation-coupled DNA replication system. Circular DNA encoding phi29 DNA polymerase under control of the T7 promoter is incubated with the reconstituted translation system including T7 RNA polymerase. mRNA is transcribed from the DNA, and phi29 DNA polymerase is translated. The polymerase attaches to the circular DNA and initiates the polymerization of a long single-stranded RNA in a rolling-circle manner. The polymerase further synthesizes the complementary strand to produce double-stranded DNA, which is a long repeat of the circular DNA sequence. The next round of transcription and translation occurs from the double-stranded DNA.
Techniques Used: Incubation, Sequencing
8) Product Images from "Effects of acetaldehyde-induced DNA lesions on DNA metabolism"
Article Title: Effects of acetaldehyde-induced DNA lesions on DNA metabolism
Journal: Genes and Environment
doi: 10.1186/s41021-019-0142-7
Figure Legend Snippet: DNA replication reaction in acetaldehyde-treated plasmids. a In the absence of DNA damage, phi29 DNA polymerase and random primers generate new DNA synthesis products from the template. If acetaldehyde damages DNA, the resulting lesions inhibit DNA synthesis, as phi29 DNA polymerase cannot synthesize new DNA products from damaged templates, and products will not be detected. b Agarose gel (1%) demonstrating the presence of an acetaldehyde-induced lesion. The phi29 DNA polymerase and non-acetaldehyde treated DNA template/random primer complexes (lane 1) or acetaldehyde treated DNA template/random primer complexes (lane 5) were incubated for the indicated times (0,1, 2, and 4 h: lanes 1–4 or lanes 5–8). Rp is random primers and triangles are incubation time. c Quantification of DNA synthesis products via 1% agarose gel analysis (b)
Techniques Used: DNA Synthesis, Agarose Gel Electrophoresis, Incubation
9) Product Images from "A Comparison of Methods for the Extraction of Plasmids Capable of Conferring Antibiotic Resistance in a Human Pathogen From Complex Broiler Cecal Samples"
Article Title: A Comparison of Methods for the Extraction of Plasmids Capable of Conferring Antibiotic Resistance in a Human Pathogen From Complex Broiler Cecal Samples
Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology
doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01731
Figure Legend Snippet: Plasmid DNA from the cecal sample after amplification with phi29 polymerase. 1 , 1 kb ladder and 2 , Plasmid DNA amplified with Phi29 DNA polymerase.
Techniques Used: Plasmid Preparation, Amplification
Figure Legend Snippet: Digested plasmid DNA extracted from E. coli transformants after electroporation with the phi29 polymerase amplified DNA. 1 , 1 kb ladder; Plasmid DNA extracted from transformants selected on agar plates containing; 2 , ampicillin 32 mg/L (M_Amp_BC); 3 , ampicillin 32 mg/L (M_Amp_SC); 4 , tetracycline 16 mg/L (M_Tet_BC); 5 , tetracycline 16 mg/L (M_Tet_SC); 6 , kanamycin 25 mg/L (M_Kan); 7 , ciprofloxacin 16 mg/L (M_Cip). BC and SC refer to the two different colony morphology types, big or small colonies, on the same antibiotic plate.
Techniques Used: Plasmid Preparation, Electroporation, Amplification
10) Product Images from "Selective Whole-Genome Amplification Is a Robust Method That Enables Scalable Whole-Genome Sequencing of Plasmodium vivax from Unprocessed Clinical Samples"
Article Title: Selective Whole-Genome Amplification Is a Robust Method That Enables Scalable Whole-Genome Sequencing of Plasmodium vivax from Unprocessed Clinical Samples
Journal: mBio
doi: 10.1128/mBio.02257-16
Figure Legend Snippet: Selective whole-genome amplification (SWGA) of Plasmodium vivax genomic DNA (gDNA) from human blood samples. (A) SWGA primers bind frequently to Plasmodium vivax gDNA and infrequently to human gDNA. (B) When phi29 encounters double-stranded gDNA, it displaces the newly synthesized strand, opening new primer binding sites on the synthesized gDNA, leading to selective amplification of templates with frequent primer binding sites. (C) Post-SWGA, the percentage of P. vivax DNA has increased relative to the percentage of host DNA.
Techniques Used: Whole Genome Amplification, Synthesized, Binding Assay, Amplification
11) Product Images from "Next-Generation DNA Curtains for Single-Molecule Studies of Homologous Recombination"
Article Title: Next-Generation DNA Curtains for Single-Molecule Studies of Homologous Recombination
Journal: Methods in enzymology
doi: 10.1016/bs.mie.2017.03.011
Figure Legend Snippet: Nucleoprotein filament dynamics on low sequence complexity ssDNA curtains. (A) Sequences of the two ssDNA oligonucleotides used for rolling circle replication. (B) Schematic of rolling circle replication (RCR) reaction. T4 DNA ligase ligates the template oligo to form a contiguous template strand. Next, phi29 DNA polymerase catalyzes the synthesis of long ssDNA molecules. (C) Agarose gel of several time points along the RCR synthesis reaction. The primer oligonucleotide was 32 P labeled on the 5 ′ -terminus phosphate ( gold star ). (D) Wide-field image of a microfabricated barrier set with double-tethered ssDNA curtains coated with RPA-TagRFP ( magenta ). Arrows and circles denote chromium barriers and pedestals, respectively. (E) Illustration and kymograph showing a single ssDNA molecule coated with ATTO488-RAD51(C319S) ( green ) replaced by RPA-TagRFP ( magenta ). Yellow dashed line denotes the injection of RPA–TagRFP into the flowcell. Buffer controls indicate when the buffer flow was toggled off and on to show that the florescent proteins retract to the Cr barriers simultaneously with the ssDNA molecule. This indicates that RAD51 and RPA are on the ssDNA molecule. Panel A: Adapted from Lee, K. S., Marciel, A. B., Kozlov, A. G., Schroeder, C. M., Lohman, T. M., Ha, T. (2014). Ultrafast redistribution of E. coli SSB along long single-stranded DNA via intersegment transfer. Journal of Molecular Biology, 426 , 2413 – 2421.
Techniques Used: Sequencing, Agarose Gel Electrophoresis, Labeling, Recombinase Polymerase Amplification, Injection, Flow Cytometry
12) Product Images from "Efficient amplification of self-gelling polypod-like structured DNA by rolling circle amplification and enzymatic digestion"
Article Title: Efficient amplification of self-gelling polypod-like structured DNA by rolling circle amplification and enzymatic digestion
Journal: Scientific Reports
doi: 10.1038/srep14979
Figure Legend Snippet: Schematic diagram of the mass amplification of tripodna with adhesive 5′-ends. The template oligodeoxynucleotides (template 1) were designed to satisfy the following requirements: ( a ) the polypodna automatically forms by self-assembly; ( b ) each pod of the polypodna contains a 9 base long TspRI restriction digest site; ( c ) Each 5′-terminal end is phosphorylated in order to ligate with 3′-terminal within the polypodna body, and ( d ) connecting chain is added to the 3′-terminal of the polypodna to allow polypodna to be connected to one another. The designed templates were amplified via the following steps. ( 1 ) The template ssODNs were circularized using T4 DNA ligase. ( 2 ) After annealing the primer (primer 1), the DNA template was amplified through rolling circle amplification technique using Phi29 polymerase. ( 3 ) Before enzyme digestion, the RCA product was treated with EDTA and folded. ( 4 ) Long single-stranded DNAs were digested using restriction enzyme. ( 5 ) The target sequences were purified by size chromatography. ( 6 ) The resultant DNAs self-assembled after annealing, and they formed a hydrogel.
Techniques Used: Amplification, Purification, Chromatography
13) Product Images from "Tapping diversity lost in transformations--in vitro amplification of ligation reactions"
Article Title: Tapping diversity lost in transformations--in vitro amplification of ligation reactions
Journal: Nucleic Acids Research
doi: 10.1093/nar/gkl605
Figure Legend Snippet: Antibody repertoire by combinatorial ligation. Regions corresponding to CDRs 1/2 and CDR 3 were PCR-amplified and recombined by ligation into a PCR-amplified phagemid vector backbone. The ligation reactions were either directly electroporated or amplified using Phi29 polymerase followed by electroporation into E.coli bacteria.
Techniques Used: Ligation, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Amplification, Plasmid Preparation, Electroporation
Figure Legend Snippet: In vitro amplification of ligation reactions. Linear fragments were joined into recombinant, circular units by treatment with DNA ligase. Hexamer primers were annealed and Phi29 polymerase added. This causes extensive amplification of circular species through rolling-circle replication and the formation of extended linear concatemers. The concatemers were cleaved by restriction digestion and re-circularized using DNA ligase.
Techniques Used: In Vitro, Amplification, Ligation, Recombinant
14) Product Images from "A Comparison of Methods for the Extraction of Plasmids Capable of Conferring Antibiotic Resistance in a Human Pathogen From Complex Broiler Cecal Samples"
Article Title: A Comparison of Methods for the Extraction of Plasmids Capable of Conferring Antibiotic Resistance in a Human Pathogen From Complex Broiler Cecal Samples
Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology
doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01731
Figure Legend Snippet: Plasmid DNA from the cecal sample after amplification with phi29 polymerase. 1 , 1 kb ladder and 2 , Plasmid DNA amplified with Phi29 DNA polymerase.
Techniques Used: Plasmid Preparation, Amplification
Figure Legend Snippet: Digested plasmid DNA extracted from E. coli transformants after electroporation with the phi29 polymerase amplified DNA. 1 , 1 kb ladder; Plasmid DNA extracted from transformants selected on agar plates containing; 2 , ampicillin 32 mg/L (M_Amp_BC); 3 , ampicillin 32 mg/L (M_Amp_SC); 4 , tetracycline 16 mg/L (M_Tet_BC); 5 , tetracycline 16 mg/L (M_Tet_SC); 6 , kanamycin 25 mg/L (M_Kan); 7 , ciprofloxacin 16 mg/L (M_Cip). BC and SC refer to the two different colony morphology types, big or small colonies, on the same antibiotic plate.
Techniques Used: Plasmid Preparation, Electroporation, Amplification
15) Product Images from "Advanced microRNA-based cancer diagnostics using amplified time-gated FRET microRNA-based cancer diagnostics using amplified time-gated FRET †Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available. See DOI: 10.1039/c8sc03121e"
Article Title: Advanced microRNA-based cancer diagnostics using amplified time-gated FRET microRNA-based cancer diagnostics using amplified time-gated FRET †Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available. See DOI: 10.1039/c8sc03121e
Journal: Chemical Science
doi: 10.1039/c8sc03121e
Figure Legend Snippet: Principle of miRNA detection by amplified TG-FRET. (A) After specific recognition of miRNA by a linear padlock DNA (1), the DNA padlock nick is ligated over the miRNA target splint using SplintR ligase (2) and the miRNA becomes a primer for a phi29 polymerase to synthesize and displace (by RCA) complimentary DNA around the circularized padlock DNA (3). After stopping RCA, the rolling circle product (RCP) is incubated with Tb (Lumi4-Tb) donor and Cy5.5 acceptor labeled ssDNA, which hybridize to specific sequences that exist more than 1000-fold on the amplified RCP concatemer. The close distance of Lumi4-Tb and Cy5.5 in the RCP allows for Tb-to-Cy5.5 FRET, which is not possible if both are free in solution (not hybridized to the RCP). Thus, the TG-FRET signal can be used for quantifying miRNA without any washing or separation steps. (B) Ratiometric TG-FRET, which measures the ratio of FRET-sensitized Cy5.5 photoluminescence (PL) and FRET-quenched Tb PL within a specific time-window after pulsed excitation (to suppress autofluorescence), is used to quantify the miRNA target in a 140 μl microwell within 5 seconds.
Techniques Used: Amplification, Incubation, Labeling
16) Product Images from "Assessing Protein Dynamics on Low-Complexity Single-Stranded DNA Curtains"
Article Title: Assessing Protein Dynamics on Low-Complexity Single-Stranded DNA Curtains
Journal: Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids
doi: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01812
Figure Legend Snippet: Assembly of low-complexity ssDNA curtains. (A) A phosphorylated template (black) and a biotinylated primer (green) are annealed and treated with T4 DNA ligase to make minicircles. Low-complexity ssDNA composed solely of thymidine and cytidine is synthesized via rolling circle replication by phi29 DNAP. (B) Low-complexity ssDNA curtains with fluorescent end labeling. The 3′ end of the ssDNA was labeled with a fluorescent antibody. (C) RPA-GFP (green)-coated ssDNA with fluorescent end labeling (magenta). (D) Kymograph of a representative ssDNA in panel (C) with buffer flow on and off, indicating that the ssDNA is anchored to the surface via the 5′-biotin tether.
Techniques Used: Synthesized, End Labeling, Labeling, Recombinase Polymerase Amplification, Flow Cytometry
17) Product Images from "Target-fueled DNA walker for highly selective miRNA detection DNA walker for highly selective miRNA detection †Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: DNA strand structure and sequences, assembly of DNA strands as noted in the text. See DOI: 10.1039/c5sc02784eClick here for additional data file."
Article Title: Target-fueled DNA walker for highly selective miRNA detection DNA walker for highly selective miRNA detection †Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: DNA strand structure and sequences, assembly of DNA strands as noted in the text. See DOI: 10.1039/c5sc02784eClick here for additional data file.
Journal: Chemical Science
doi: 10.1039/c5sc02784e
Figure Legend Snippet: (A) Optimization of T4 DNA ligase concentration and time. (B) Optimization of phi29 DNA polymerase concentration and time. (C) Optimization of Nb.Mva1269I concentration and time. The assays were carried out in the reaction buffer, containing 10 nM let-7a, and 200 nM MB.
Techniques Used: Concentration Assay
18) Product Images from "A Comparison of Methods for the Extraction of Plasmids Capable of Conferring Antibiotic Resistance in a Human Pathogen From Complex Broiler Cecal Samples"
Article Title: A Comparison of Methods for the Extraction of Plasmids Capable of Conferring Antibiotic Resistance in a Human Pathogen From Complex Broiler Cecal Samples
Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology
doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01731
Figure Legend Snippet: Plasmid DNA from the cecal sample after amplification with phi29 polymerase. 1 , 1 kb ladder and 2 , Plasmid DNA amplified with Phi29 DNA polymerase.
Techniques Used: Plasmid Preparation, Amplification
Figure Legend Snippet: Digested plasmid DNA extracted from E. coli transformants after electroporation with the phi29 polymerase amplified DNA. 1 , 1 kb ladder; Plasmid DNA extracted from transformants selected on agar plates containing; 2 , ampicillin 32 mg/L (M_Amp_BC); 3 , ampicillin 32 mg/L (M_Amp_SC); 4 , tetracycline 16 mg/L (M_Tet_BC); 5 , tetracycline 16 mg/L (M_Tet_SC); 6 , kanamycin 25 mg/L (M_Kan); 7 , ciprofloxacin 16 mg/L (M_Cip). BC and SC refer to the two different colony morphology types, big or small colonies, on the same antibiotic plate.
Techniques Used: Plasmid Preparation, Electroporation, Amplification
19) Product Images from "Limited reverse transcriptase activity of phi29 DNA polymerase"
Article Title: Limited reverse transcriptase activity of phi29 DNA polymerase
Journal: Nucleic Acids Research
doi: 10.1093/nar/gky190
Figure Legend Snippet: Effect of RNA substitutions in circular templates on rolling circle amplification with phi29 DNA polymerase. ( A ) Total amount of RCA products (y-axis) generated for padlock probes with/without a terminal 3′ RNA and in the absence of synthetic RNA ligation template (template -). ( B ) Circles with 0–7 RNA substitutions in the backbone were amplified and digitally counted. The y-axis shows the number of rolling circle products (RCPs); error bars ± S.D.; n = 2. The same RCA reactions with chimeric circles were also monitored in real-time by measuring SYBR Gold incorporation on qPCR instrument ( C and E ). (C) RCA reaction curves of circles with 0, 1 and 2 RNA substitutions. ( D ) RCPs from C were imaged on microscope slides and size and intensity of individual RCPs were quantified. Black line, median; upper whisker, highest value that is within 1.5 the interquartile range of the hinge; lower whisker, lowest value within 1.5 the interquartile range of the hinge. (E) Real-time data of the same RCA reactions as in B with 0–7 RNA substitutes are displayed. Representative samples are presented from a duplicated experiment. To highlight the initial stages of RCA and to show the difference between the samples with low RCA efficiency, fluorescence intensity readout between 3000 and 6000 is presented.
Techniques Used: Amplification, Generated, Ligation, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Microscopy, Whisker Assay, Fluorescence
Figure Legend Snippet: Phi29 DNA polymerase exhibits higher RCA rate with circles containing pyrimidine RNA substitutions. ( A ) Real-time RCA curves of circles containing 1, 2, 3 or 4 consecutive RNA substations of rG, rU, rA, rC RNA bases are displayed (number of consecutive substitutions is indicated above plots). Rate of RCA was monitored by measuring fluorescence build-up (y-axis) resulted from SYBR Gold incorporation into RCPs. Averaged fluorescence intensity for each RCA time point was calculated from a duplicated experiment. RCA was conducted in the presence of Mg 2+ and Mn 2+ (solid and dashed lines respectively). ( B ) Linear, early stage RCA velocity (y-axis) is presented for PLPs from (A) in the presence of Mg 2+ (solid lines) and Mn 2+ (dashed lines). ( C ) RCA for the control PLP (non-chimeric DNA circle, with Mg 2+ (solid) and Mn 2+ (dashed line) are displayed.
Techniques Used: Fluorescence, Plasmid Purification
![DNA sequencing-based analysis of rolling circle products reveals reverse transcription activity of phi29 DNA polymerase. ( A ) After RCA, short DNA oligonucleotides were hybridized to an AluI restriction site in the RCA products and RCPs were digested with AluI restriction enzyme, resulting in RCA monomers. Following digestion, monomers were PCR-amplified using primers containing Ilumina adapter sequences. PCR products were extended using IIlumina indexed primers. Finally, sequencing library was prepared using indexed primers-specific P5/7 PCR primers. The region of interest containing RNA substitutions in the original padlock probe sequence is indicated with green boxes. ( B ) Logos showing sequencing frequencies for each position within RCA monomers generated from the control DNA circle (P1 = dG), and circles containing single rG, rU, rA and rC substitutions at the RNA position (P1). Positions P1 and P2 are indicated and position P1 was additionally highlighted with the red box. ( C ) Incorporation of incorrect nucleotides for every position in the sequenced monomers from (B). Error rates, calculated as Incorporation error [%] = 1 – number of reads with expected nucleotide/total number of reads, is presented for padlock probes with single- (upper plot) and double-RNA substitutions (lower plots). P1 position for the first RNA substitution is indicated with the box.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5909454/bin/gky190fig4.jpg "... rolling circle products reveals reverse transcription activity of phi29 DNA polymerase. ( A ) After RCA, short ...")
Figure Legend Snippet: DNA sequencing-based analysis of rolling circle products reveals reverse transcription activity of phi29 DNA polymerase. ( A ) After RCA, short DNA oligonucleotides were hybridized to an AluI restriction site in the RCA products and RCPs were digested with AluI restriction enzyme, resulting in RCA monomers. Following digestion, monomers were PCR-amplified using primers containing Ilumina adapter sequences. PCR products were extended using IIlumina indexed primers. Finally, sequencing library was prepared using indexed primers-specific P5/7 PCR primers. The region of interest containing RNA substitutions in the original padlock probe sequence is indicated with green boxes. ( B ) Logos showing sequencing frequencies for each position within RCA monomers generated from the control DNA circle (P1 = dG), and circles containing single rG, rU, rA and rC substitutions at the RNA position (P1). Positions P1 and P2 are indicated and position P1 was additionally highlighted with the red box. ( C ) Incorporation of incorrect nucleotides for every position in the sequenced monomers from (B). Error rates, calculated as Incorporation error [%] = 1 – number of reads with expected nucleotide/total number of reads, is presented for padlock probes with single- (upper plot) and double-RNA substitutions (lower plots). P1 position for the first RNA substitution is indicated with the box.
Techniques Used: DNA Sequencing, Activity Assay, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Amplification, Sequencing, Generated
20) Product Images from "Droplet Tn-Seq combines microfluidics with Tn-Seq for identifying complex single-cell phenotypes"
Article Title: Droplet Tn-Seq combines microfluidics with Tn-Seq for identifying complex single-cell phenotypes
Journal: Nature Communications
doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-13719-9
Figure Legend Snippet: Schematic overview of droplet Tn-Seq. a A microfluidic device encapsulates single bacterial cells into droplets containing growth medium. Bacteria are allowed to grow within droplets, genomic DNA (gDNA) is isolated at the start of the experiment (t1) and after growth (t2). Importantly, while growth for each transposon mutant takes place in isolation, gDNA is isolated from the pooled population, enabling screening of all mutants simultaneously. b gDNA is then amplified with DNA polymerase phi29, digested with MmeI, an adapter is ligated, a ~180 bp fragment is produced which contains ~16 nucleotides of bacterial gDNA, defining the transposon-insertion location, followed by Illumina sequencing. Reads are demultiplexed based on the barcode in the adapter and a potential second barcode in primer 1, mapped to the genome, and fitness is calculated for each defined region.
Techniques Used: Isolation, Mutagenesis, Amplification, Produced, Sequencing
Figure Legend Snippet: Unbiased whole-genome amplification of low-quantity genomic DNA. a , b gDNA was prepared by two different methods for transposon sequencing. For the WGA sample, 10 ng of gDNA was amplified first with DNA polymerase phi29 before MmeI digestion and adapter ligation. For the standard sample, 1 μg of gDNA was digested with MmeI, followed by adapter ligation. There is a strong correlation between fitness values obtained from WGA preparation compared with standard Tn-Seq library preparation a , and WGA preparation is highly reproducible b .
Techniques Used: Whole Genome Amplification, Sequencing, Amplification, Ligation
21) Product Images from "Droplet Tn-Seq combines microfluidics with Tn-Seq for identifying complex single-cell phenotypes"
Article Title: Droplet Tn-Seq combines microfluidics with Tn-Seq for identifying complex single-cell phenotypes
Journal: Nature Communications
doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-13719-9
Figure Legend Snippet: Schematic overview of droplet Tn-Seq. a A microfluidic device encapsulates single bacterial cells into droplets containing growth medium. Bacteria are allowed to grow within droplets, genomic DNA (gDNA) is isolated at the start of the experiment (t1) and after growth (t2). Importantly, while growth for each transposon mutant takes place in isolation, gDNA is isolated from the pooled population, enabling screening of all mutants simultaneously. b gDNA is then amplified with DNA polymerase phi29, digested with MmeI, an adapter is ligated, a ~180 bp fragment is produced which contains ~16 nucleotides of bacterial gDNA, defining the transposon-insertion location, followed by Illumina sequencing. Reads are demultiplexed based on the barcode in the adapter and a potential second barcode in primer 1, mapped to the genome, and fitness is calculated for each defined region.
Techniques Used: Isolation, Mutagenesis, Amplification, Produced, Sequencing
Figure Legend Snippet: Unbiased whole-genome amplification of low-quantity genomic DNA. a , b gDNA was prepared by two different methods for transposon sequencing. For the WGA sample, 10 ng of gDNA was amplified first with DNA polymerase phi29 before MmeI digestion and adapter ligation. For the standard sample, 1 μg of gDNA was digested with MmeI, followed by adapter ligation. There is a strong correlation between fitness values obtained from WGA preparation compared with standard Tn-Seq library preparation a , and WGA preparation is highly reproducible b .
Techniques Used: Whole Genome Amplification, Sequencing, Amplification, Ligation
22) Product Images from "Reconstitution and Coupling of DNA Replication and Segregation in a Biomimetic System"
Article Title: Reconstitution and Coupling of DNA Replication and Segregation in a Biomimetic System
Journal: Chembiochem
doi: 10.1002/cbic.201900299
Figure Legend Snippet: Replication, recircularization, and compaction of a plasmid containing the T7 promoter. A) Time course of RCA‐based replication of pRepC plasmid containing the T7 promoter and loxP sites (depicted in Figure S1), measured as fluorescence of the DNA‐binding PicoGreen dye. Reaction mixtures contained, as indicated, Phi29 DNA polymerase, T7 DNA polymerase, and T7 RNA polymerase, as well as specific or random primers. For a control reaction with T7 DNA polymerase and T7 RNA polymerase, a pQE30 plasmid lacking the T7 promoter was used. B) Recircularization of the replicated plasmid, mediated by Cre recombinase. Where indicated, Cre recombinase was added after 16 h of replication, and the reaction mixture was incubated for another 30 min. Reaction mixtures were separated along with a DNA ladder (1 kb) on a Midori‐green stained agarose gel. The lower band migrating below 5 kb corresponds to the circularized DNA, whereas larger products apparently correspond to linear concatamers (Figure S2). C) DNA nanoparticles emerging upon prolonged ( > 12 h) T7 DNA replication reaction. Scale bar: 10 μm.
Techniques Used: Plasmid Preparation, Fluorescence, Binding Assay, Incubation, Staining, Agarose Gel Electrophoresis
23) Product Images from "Limited reverse transcriptase activity of phi29 DNA polymerase"
Article Title: Limited reverse transcriptase activity of phi29 DNA polymerase
Journal: Nucleic Acids Research
doi: 10.1093/nar/gky190
Figure Legend Snippet: Effect of RNA substitutions in circular templates on rolling circle amplification with phi29 DNA polymerase. ( A ) Total amount of RCA products (y-axis) generated for padlock probes with/without a terminal 3′ RNA and in the absence of synthetic RNA ligation template (template -). ( B ) Circles with 0–7 RNA substitutions in the backbone were amplified and digitally counted. The y-axis shows the number of rolling circle products (RCPs); error bars ± S.D.; n = 2. The same RCA reactions with chimeric circles were also monitored in real-time by measuring SYBR Gold incorporation on qPCR instrument ( C and E ). (C) RCA reaction curves of circles with 0, 1 and 2 RNA substitutions. ( D ) RCPs from C were imaged on microscope slides and size and intensity of individual RCPs were quantified. Black line, median; upper whisker, highest value that is within 1.5 the interquartile range of the hinge; lower whisker, lowest value within 1.5 the interquartile range of the hinge. (E) Real-time data of the same RCA reactions as in B with 0–7 RNA substitutes are displayed. Representative samples are presented from a duplicated experiment. To highlight the initial stages of RCA and to show the difference between the samples with low RCA efficiency, fluorescence intensity readout between 3000 and 6000 is presented.
Techniques Used: Amplification, Generated, Ligation, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Microscopy, Whisker Assay, Fluorescence
Figure Legend Snippet: Phi29 DNA polymerase exhibits higher RCA rate with circles containing pyrimidine RNA substitutions. ( A ) Real-time RCA curves of circles containing 1, 2, 3 or 4 consecutive RNA substations of rG, rU, rA, rC RNA bases are displayed (number of consecutive substitutions is indicated above plots). Rate of RCA was monitored by measuring fluorescence build-up (y-axis) resulted from SYBR Gold incorporation into RCPs. Averaged fluorescence intensity for each RCA time point was calculated from a duplicated experiment. RCA was conducted in the presence of Mg 2+ and Mn 2+ (solid and dashed lines respectively). ( B ) Linear, early stage RCA velocity (y-axis) is presented for PLPs from (A) in the presence of Mg 2+ (solid lines) and Mn 2+ (dashed lines). ( C ) RCA for the control PLP (non-chimeric DNA circle, with Mg 2+ (solid) and Mn 2+ (dashed line) are displayed.
Techniques Used: Fluorescence, Plasmid Purification
![DNA sequencing-based analysis of rolling circle products reveals reverse transcription activity of phi29 DNA polymerase. ( A ) After RCA, short DNA oligonucleotides were hybridized to an AluI restriction site in the RCA products and RCPs were digested with AluI restriction enzyme, resulting in RCA monomers. Following digestion, monomers were PCR-amplified using primers containing Ilumina adapter sequences. PCR products were extended using IIlumina indexed primers. Finally, sequencing library was prepared using indexed primers-specific P5/7 PCR primers. The region of interest containing RNA substitutions in the original padlock probe sequence is indicated with green boxes. ( B ) Logos showing sequencing frequencies for each position within RCA monomers generated from the control DNA circle (P1 = dG), and circles containing single rG, rU, rA and rC substitutions at the RNA position (P1). Positions P1 and P2 are indicated and position P1 was additionally highlighted with the red box. ( C ) Incorporation of incorrect nucleotides for every position in the sequenced monomers from (B). Error rates, calculated as Incorporation error [%] = 1 – number of reads with expected nucleotide/total number of reads, is presented for padlock probes with single- (upper plot) and double-RNA substitutions (lower plots). P1 position for the first RNA substitution is indicated with the box.](https://storage.googleapis.com/bioz_article_images/PMC5909454/gky190fig4.jpg "... rolling circle products reveals reverse transcription activity of phi29 DNA polymerase. ( A ) After RCA, short ...")
Figure Legend Snippet: DNA sequencing-based analysis of rolling circle products reveals reverse transcription activity of phi29 DNA polymerase. ( A ) After RCA, short DNA oligonucleotides were hybridized to an AluI restriction site in the RCA products and RCPs were digested with AluI restriction enzyme, resulting in RCA monomers. Following digestion, monomers were PCR-amplified using primers containing Ilumina adapter sequences. PCR products were extended using IIlumina indexed primers. Finally, sequencing library was prepared using indexed primers-specific P5/7 PCR primers. The region of interest containing RNA substitutions in the original padlock probe sequence is indicated with green boxes. ( B ) Logos showing sequencing frequencies for each position within RCA monomers generated from the control DNA circle (P1 = dG), and circles containing single rG, rU, rA and rC substitutions at the RNA position (P1). Positions P1 and P2 are indicated and position P1 was additionally highlighted with the red box. ( C ) Incorporation of incorrect nucleotides for every position in the sequenced monomers from (B). Error rates, calculated as Incorporation error [%] = 1 – number of reads with expected nucleotide/total number of reads, is presented for padlock probes with single- (upper plot) and double-RNA substitutions (lower plots). P1 position for the first RNA substitution is indicated with the box.
Techniques Used: DNA Sequencing, Activity Assay, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Amplification, Sequencing, Generated
24) Product Images from "Tapping diversity lost in transformations--in vitro amplification of ligation reactions"
Article Title: Tapping diversity lost in transformations--in vitro amplification of ligation reactions
Journal: Nucleic Acids Research
doi: 10.1093/nar/gkl605
Figure Legend Snippet: Antibody repertoire by combinatorial ligation. Regions corresponding to CDRs 1/2 and CDR 3 were PCR-amplified and recombined by ligation into a PCR-amplified phagemid vector backbone. The ligation reactions were either directly electroporated or amplified using Phi29 polymerase followed by electroporation into E.coli bacteria.
Techniques Used: Ligation, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Amplification, Plasmid Preparation, Electroporation
Figure Legend Snippet: In vitro amplification of ligation reactions. Linear fragments were joined into recombinant, circular units by treatment with DNA ligase. Hexamer primers were annealed and Phi29 polymerase added. This causes extensive amplification of circular species through rolling-circle replication and the formation of extended linear concatemers. The concatemers were cleaved by restriction digestion and re-circularized using DNA ligase.
Techniques Used: In Vitro, Amplification, Ligation, Recombinant
25) Product Images from "DeNAno: selectable deoxyribonucleic acid nanoparticle libraries"
Article Title: DeNAno: selectable deoxyribonucleic acid nanoparticle libraries
Journal: Journal of biotechnology
doi: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2009.12.002
Figure Legend Snippet: DNA nanoparticle iterative selection scheme. ssDNA libraries are ligated with T4 ligase and polymerized with phi29 DNA polymerase. 3'–5' exonuclease activity of phi29 DNA polymerase ensures nanoparticle purity from extraneous DNA. Immature DCs
Techniques Used: Selection, Activity Assay
26) Product Images from "Electrochemical Biosensors Combined with Isothermal Amplification for Quantitative Detection of Nucleic Acids"
Article Title: Electrochemical Biosensors Combined with Isothermal Amplification for Quantitative Detection of Nucleic Acids
Journal: Biosensors and Biodetection
doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6911-1_10
Figure Legend Snippet: RCA-CC biosensor for microRNA detection. ( a ) Integrated gold electrodes were fabricated on polystyrene substrate by chemical plating. ( b ) Schematic illustration of three-gold electrode substrate. ( c ) After immobilization of DNA probe 1 on the working electrode, microRNA and DNA probe 2, which are partly complementary, hybridize to it, and then solid-phase RCA is initiated by phi29 DNA polymerase at 30 °C. If no hybridization takes place, the RCA reaction does not proceed
Techniques Used: Hybridization
27) Product Images from "Uracil DNA Glycosylase Counteracts APOBEC3G-Induced Hypermutation of Hepatitis B Viral Genomes: Excision Repair of Covalently Closed Circular DNA"
Article Title: Uracil DNA Glycosylase Counteracts APOBEC3G-Induced Hypermutation of Hepatitis B Viral Genomes: Excision Repair of Covalently Closed Circular DNA
Journal: PLoS Pathogens
doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003361
Figure Legend Snippet: UNG inhibition decreases the replication activity of DHBV cccDNA in the presence of A3G expression. (A) RCA products from the cccDNAs. Expression vectors of A3G, UGI, and GFP were used for transfection of LMH cells together with the pCSD3.5ΔS replicon plasmid. After 7 days of cultivation, cccDNAs were purified from the nuclear fraction by Hirt extraction and treated with DpnI to digest transfected plasmids. The cccDNAs were amplified with phi29 DNA polymerase. The DHBV replicon plasmid (pCSD3.5ΔS) was also reacted as a control. RCA concatemeric products (indicated by an arrow) were digested with EcoRI and electrophoresed on agarose gel to verify successful amplification of the 3.0-kb full-length DHBV genomic DNA (left side). The 4.7-kb fragment represents the pCSD3.5 backbone (see Figure S3A for the plasmid construct). (B) qPCR analysis to assess replication activity of reconstructed replicon plasmids. The amplified full-length genomes from cccDNA were cloned into a pCSD3.5 backbone. Resulting reconstructed clones were used to transfect LMH cells without any other vectors (see Figure S5 for the experimental design). DHBV NC-DNA was purified and quantified 3 days later. The graph shows the relative DHBV DNA level; the level of GFP transfectants was set as 1. ***P
Techniques Used: Inhibition, Activity Assay, Expressing, Transfection, Plasmid Preparation, Purification, Amplification, Agarose Gel Electrophoresis, Construct, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Clone Assay
28) Product Images from "SNES: single nucleus exome sequencing"
Article Title: SNES: single nucleus exome sequencing
Journal: Genome Biology
doi: 10.1186/s13059-015-0616-2
Figure Legend Snippet: SNES method and WGA quality control. (a) Nuclear suspensions were prepared from tissues, stained with DAPI and flow-sorted. Single nuclei were isolated by gating the G1/0 or G2/M ploidy distributions and deposited nuclei singly into a 96-well plate. Multiple-displacement-amplification is performed using Φ29 to perform WGA. (b) Time-course of WGA showing total DNA yield from single nuclei. (c) Quality control assay using a panel of 22 chromosome-specific qPCR primers to determine the WGA amplification efficiency of each single nucleus.
Techniques Used: Whole Genome Amplification, Staining, Flow Cytometry, Isolation, Multiple Displacement Amplification, Control Assay, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Amplification
29) Product Images from "ATRX loss induces multiple hallmarks of the alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) phenotype in human glioma cell lines in a cell line-specific manner"
Article Title: ATRX loss induces multiple hallmarks of the alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) phenotype in human glioma cell lines in a cell line-specific manner
Journal: PLoS ONE
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204159
![Glioma cell lines chosen for ATRX modulation. (A) Immunoblotting for known ALT suppressors ATRX and DAXX in seven glioma cell lines, as well as U2-OS, a known ALT-positive cell line with deletion of ATRX [ 24 ]. Arrowhead indicates band representing wild-type ATRX. (B) TRAP assay shows telomerase activity in all seven glioma cell lines, but not U2-OS. NTC indicates no template control. All seven glioma cell lines lack characteristics of ALT, including (C) c-circles, as measured by phi29-mediated rolling circle amplification and dot blot, and (D) ALT-associated telomere DNA foci (arrow), as assessed by telomere-specific FISH.](https://storage.googleapis.com/bioz_article_images/PMC6143253/pone.0204159.g001.jpg "... of ALT, including (C) c-circles, as measured by phi29-mediated rolling circle amplification and dot blot, and (D) ...")
Figure Legend Snippet: Glioma cell lines chosen for ATRX modulation. (A) Immunoblotting for known ALT suppressors ATRX and DAXX in seven glioma cell lines, as well as U2-OS, a known ALT-positive cell line with deletion of ATRX [ 24 ]. Arrowhead indicates band representing wild-type ATRX. (B) TRAP assay shows telomerase activity in all seven glioma cell lines, but not U2-OS. NTC indicates no template control. All seven glioma cell lines lack characteristics of ALT, including (C) c-circles, as measured by phi29-mediated rolling circle amplification and dot blot, and (D) ALT-associated telomere DNA foci (arrow), as assessed by telomere-specific FISH.
Techniques Used: TRAP Assay, Activity Assay, Amplification, Dot Blot, Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization
30) Product Images from "Reconstitution and Coupling of DNA Replication and Segregation in a Biomimetic System"
Article Title: Reconstitution and Coupling of DNA Replication and Segregation in a Biomimetic System
Journal: Chembiochem
doi: 10.1002/cbic.201900299
Figure Legend Snippet: Replication, recircularization, and compaction of a plasmid containing the T7 promoter. A) Time course of RCA‐based replication of pRepC plasmid containing the T7 promoter and loxP sites (depicted in Figure S1), measured as fluorescence of the DNA‐binding PicoGreen dye. Reaction mixtures contained, as indicated, Phi29 DNA polymerase, T7 DNA polymerase, and T7 RNA polymerase, as well as specific or random primers. For a control reaction with T7 DNA polymerase and T7 RNA polymerase, a pQE30 plasmid lacking the T7 promoter was used. B) Recircularization of the replicated plasmid, mediated by Cre recombinase. Where indicated, Cre recombinase was added after 16 h of replication, and the reaction mixture was incubated for another 30 min. Reaction mixtures were separated along with a DNA ladder (1 kb) on a Midori‐green stained agarose gel. The lower band migrating below 5 kb corresponds to the circularized DNA, whereas larger products apparently correspond to linear concatamers (Figure S2). C) DNA nanoparticles emerging upon prolonged ( > 12 h) T7 DNA replication reaction. Scale bar: 10 μm.
Techniques Used: Plasmid Preparation, Fluorescence, Binding Assay, Incubation, Staining, Agarose Gel Electrophoresis
31) Product Images from "Improvements of rolling circle amplification (RCA) efficiency and accuracy using Thermus thermophilus SSB mutant protein"
Article Title: Improvements of rolling circle amplification (RCA) efficiency and accuracy using Thermus thermophilus SSB mutant protein
Journal: Nucleic Acids Research
doi: 10.1093/nar/gkl350
Figure Legend Snippet: Effect of Tth SSB-255 protein on the efficiency and specificity of RCA. ( a ) Top: RCAs were performed in the absence of the SSB proteins using pUC19 DNA as template and phi29 DNA polymerase for the indicated reaction times. Bottom: Signals of spot hybridization of the same samples. ( b ) Top and Bottom: same as (a), except for the absence of template DNA. ( c ) Top and Bottom: same as (a), except for the presence of the Tth SSB protein (3.0 µg/20 µl reaction volume). ( d ) Top and Bottom: same as (c), except for the absence of template DNA. ( e ) Top and Bottom: same as (a), except for the presence of the Tth SSB-255 protein (3.0 µg/20 µl reaction volume). ( f ) Top and Bottom: same as (e), except for the absence of template DNA.
Techniques Used: Hybridization
Figure Legend Snippet: Effect of Tth SSB-255 protein on RCA assays. ( a ) RCAs were carried out in the absence or presence of the indicated SSB proteins using pUC19 DNA as a template and phi29 DNA polymerase. ( b ) Same as (a), except for using linearized ( Eco RI) pUC19 DNA as the template. ( c ) Same as (a), except that the amplifications were carried out in the absence of template DNA. Lane M: molecular weight markers (100 and 12 kb).
Techniques Used: Molecular Weight
32) Product Images from "Advanced microRNA-based cancer diagnostics using amplified time-gated FRET † Advanced microRNA-based cancer diagnostics using amplified time-gated FRET † †Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available. See DOI: 10.1039/c8sc03121e"
Article Title: Advanced microRNA-based cancer diagnostics using amplified time-gated FRET
Journal: Chemical Science
doi: 10.1039/c8sc03121e
Figure Legend Snippet: Principle of miRNA detection by amplified TG-FRET. (A) After specific recognition of miRNA by a linear padlock DNA (1), the DNA padlock nick is ligated over the miRNA target splint using SplintR ligase (2) and the miRNA becomes a primer for a phi29 polymerase to synthesize and displace (by RCA) complimentary DNA around the circularized padlock DNA (3). After stopping RCA, the rolling circle product (RCP) is incubated with Tb (Lumi4-Tb) donor and Cy5.5 acceptor labeled ssDNA, which hybridize to specific sequences that exist more than 1000-fold on the amplified RCP concatemer. The close distance of Lumi4-Tb and Cy5.5 in the RCP allows for Tb-to-Cy5.5 FRET, which is not possible if both are free in solution (not hybridized to the RCP). Thus, the TG-FRET signal can be used for quantifying miRNA without any washing or separation steps. (B) Ratiometric TG-FRET, which measures the ratio of FRET-sensitized Cy5.5 photoluminescence (PL) and FRET-quenched Tb PL within a specific time-window after pulsed excitation (to suppress autofluorescence), is used to quantify the miRNA target in a 140 μl microwell within 5 seconds.
Techniques Used: Amplification, Incubation, Labeling
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