immunofluorescence staining  (Human Protein Atlas)

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Skin-mimetic bilayer hydrogel normalizes diabetic wound healing by orchestrating inflammatory cell dynamics: An early intervention strategy

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.02.025

Figure Lengend Snippet: Bilayer hydrogel orchestrates inflammatory cell dynamics during the early inflammation phase of diabetic wound healing. a Experimental timeline for assay of early neutrophil recruitment. b Immunohistochemical staining for Ly-6G in wounds at 8 h, 1 d and 3 d after injury. Diabetic wounds were treated with SP/IL-10@Bilayer, SP@Bilayer, IL-10@Bilayer, and saline solution (Model), respectively. Healthy mice treated with saline solution were set as Normal. c Quantitative analysis of Ly-6G + cells in each group. d Relative expression of CXCL-1 on day 1. e Relative expression of MCP-1 on day 1. f Experimental timeline for assay of M1 macrophage infiltration. g Immunofluorescence staining for iNOS in wounds on days 1, 3 and 6 after injury. h Quantitative analysis of iNOS + cells in each group. i-k Relative expressions of macrophage-associated pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 on day 3. l Schematic illustrating the dynamic modulation of inflammatory cells during the early inflammation phase of diabetic wounds by SP/IL-10@Bilayer. All data were generated from at least three independent experiments and presented as the means ± standard deviation. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA. # means significant difference compared to the normal group. #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01 and ###p < 0.001; ∗ means significant difference compared to the model group. ∗p < 0.05; & means significant difference compared to SP/IL-10@Bilayer. & p < 0.05 and && p < 0.01.

Article Snippet: The infiltration of pro-inflammatory (M1) macrophages and polarization of M2c macrophages were analyzed by immunofluorescence staining using antibodies against iNOS (Servicebio, GB11119) and CD163 (Servicebio, GB14027), respectively.

Techniques: Immunohistochemical staining, Staining, Saline, Expressing, Immunofluorescence, Generated, Standard Deviation

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Skin-mimetic bilayer hydrogel normalizes diabetic wound healing by orchestrating inflammatory cell dynamics: An early intervention strategy

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.02.025

Figure Lengend Snippet: Bilayer hydrogel modulates M2c macrophage polarization in the later healing phase of diabetic wound. a Experimental timeline for assay of M2c macrophage polarization. b Immunofluorescence staining for CD163 in wounds on days 3, 6, 9 and 12 after injury. c Quantitative analysis of CD163 + cells in each group. d-f Relative expression of MerTK, IL-10, and TGF-β1 on day 6. g Schematic illustration of M2c macrophage polarization regulated by SP/IL-10@Bilayer and its contribution to inflammation resolution. All data were generated from three independent experiments and presented as the means ± standard deviation. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA. # means significant difference compared to the normal group. #p < 0.05 and ##p < 0.01; ∗ means significant difference compared to model group. ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01 and ∗∗∗p < 0.001; & means significant difference compared to SP/IL-10@Bilayer group. & p < 0.05.

Article Snippet: The infiltration of pro-inflammatory (M1) macrophages and polarization of M2c macrophages were analyzed by immunofluorescence staining using antibodies against iNOS (Servicebio, GB11119) and CD163 (Servicebio, GB14027), respectively.

Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Staining, Expressing, Generated, Standard Deviation