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A functional TDSM system is required for <t>SA-NHP</t> biosynthesis but not vice versa in the aig2abc mutant. A, Expression levels of DEGs in biosynthetic pathways of Trp, <t>IAOx,</t> <t>camalexin</t> (Cam), ICA and IAA, biosynthetic or catabolic pathways of indole IG, and biosynthesis of SA and NHP in the aig2abc-1 ( aig2abc ) mutant and the aig2abc pad4 mutant. Expression levels were extracted from RNA-seq data, and genes with a normalized read count >10 are shown. Colors represent Z -score normalized values. Each square indicates one biological replicate and values from three biological replicates are shown. “*” indicates a significant difference in expression levels between aig2abc pad4 and aig2abc tested by Student’s t test ( P < 0.05). B and C, Relative content of camalexin (B), free SA and NHP (C) in whole seedlings of Col-0, aig2abc , pad4 , and aig2abc pad4 ( abc pad4 ) at 3 weeks old when grown under constant light. Shown are the peak areas captured by HPLC-MS. D, Expression of PAD3 , CYP71A13 , CYP81F2 , and FOX1 genes in wild-type Col-0, aig2abc , sid2 , fmo1 , pad4 , abc sid2 , abc fmo1 , and abc pad4 plants at 4 weeks old when grown under 12-h light/12-h dark conditions. Shown are relative expression levels analyzed by RT-qPCR using ACTIN2 as a reference gene; expression was normalized to that in wild-type Col-0. E, Relative content of camalexin in whole seedlings of Col-0, aig2abc , aig2ab1 pcs1-4 ( abc pcs1 ), and aig2abc ggp1-2 ( abc ggp1 ) at 3 weeks old when grown under constant light. Shown are the peak areas captured by HPLC-MS. F, Expression of SID2 , SARD4 , CBP60g , EDS1 , PAD4 , and PR1 genes in Col-0, aig2abc , pcs1 , ggp1 , 79b2 79b3 , 71a13 , abc pcs1 , abc ggp1 , abc 79b2 79b3 , and abc 71a13 plants at 4 weeks old when grown under 12-h light/12-h dark conditions. Shown are relative expression levels analyzed by RT-qPCR using ACTIN2 as a reference gene; expression was normalized to that in wild-type Col-0. Error bars represent the SD of five biological replicates for (B and C), four biological replicates for (E), and three biological replicates for (D and F). Different letters indicate significant differences ( P < 0.05) tested by one-way ANOVA with Duncan’s post hoc test.

Nhp, supplied by MedChemExpress, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 94/100, based on 6 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/hy-n7378/N-Hydroxypipecolic+acid/pmc09614473-667-0-1
Average 94 stars, based on 6 article reviews

nhp - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10

94/100 stars

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1) Product Images from "AIG2A and AIG2B limit the activation of salicylic acid-regulated defenses by tryptophan-derived secondary metabolism in Arabidopsis"

Article Title: AIG2A and AIG2B limit the activation of salicylic acid-regulated defenses by tryptophan-derived secondary metabolism in Arabidopsis

Journal: The Plant Cell

doi: 10.1093/plcell/koac255

A functional TDSM system is required for SA-NHP biosynthesis but not vice versa in the aig2abc mutant. A, Expression levels of DEGs in biosynthetic pathways of Trp, IAOx, camalexin (Cam), ICA and IAA, biosynthetic or catabolic pathways of indole IG, and biosynthesis of SA and NHP in the aig2abc-1 ( aig2abc ) mutant and the aig2abc pad4 mutant. Expression levels were extracted from RNA-seq data, and genes with a normalized read count >10 are shown. Colors represent Z -score normalized values. Each square indicates one biological replicate and values from three biological replicates are shown. “*” indicates a significant difference in expression levels between aig2abc pad4 and aig2abc tested by Student’s t test ( P < 0.05). B and C, Relative content of camalexin (B), free SA and NHP (C) in whole seedlings of Col-0, aig2abc , pad4 , and aig2abc pad4 ( abc pad4 ) at 3 weeks old when grown under constant light. Shown are the peak areas captured by HPLC-MS. D, Expression of PAD3 , CYP71A13 , CYP81F2 , and FOX1 genes in wild-type Col-0, aig2abc , sid2 , fmo1 , pad4 , abc sid2 , abc fmo1 , and abc pad4 plants at 4 weeks old when grown under 12-h light/12-h dark conditions. Shown are relative expression levels analyzed by RT-qPCR using ACTIN2 as a reference gene; expression was normalized to that in wild-type Col-0. E, Relative content of camalexin in whole seedlings of Col-0, aig2abc , aig2ab1 pcs1-4 ( abc pcs1 ), and aig2abc ggp1-2 ( abc ggp1 ) at 3 weeks old when grown under constant light. Shown are the peak areas captured by HPLC-MS. F, Expression of SID2 , SARD4 , CBP60g , EDS1 , PAD4 , and PR1 genes in Col-0, aig2abc , pcs1 , ggp1 , 79b2 79b3 , 71a13 , abc pcs1 , abc ggp1 , abc 79b2 79b3 , and abc 71a13 plants at 4 weeks old when grown under 12-h light/12-h dark conditions. Shown are relative expression levels analyzed by RT-qPCR using ACTIN2 as a reference gene; expression was normalized to that in wild-type Col-0. Error bars represent the SD of five biological replicates for (B and C), four biological replicates for (E), and three biological replicates for (D and F). Different letters indicate significant differences ( P < 0.05) tested by one-way ANOVA with Duncan’s post hoc test.

Figure Legend Snippet: A functional TDSM system is required for SA-NHP biosynthesis but not vice versa in the aig2abc mutant. A, Expression levels of DEGs in biosynthetic pathways of Trp, IAOx, camalexin (Cam), ICA and IAA, biosynthetic or catabolic pathways of indole IG, and biosynthesis of SA and NHP in the aig2abc-1 ( aig2abc ) mutant and the aig2abc pad4 mutant. Expression levels were extracted from RNA-seq data, and genes with a normalized read count >10 are shown. Colors represent Z -score normalized values. Each square indicates one biological replicate and values from three biological replicates are shown. “*” indicates a significant difference in expression levels between aig2abc pad4 and aig2abc tested by Student’s t test ( P < 0.05). B and C, Relative content of camalexin (B), free SA and NHP (C) in whole seedlings of Col-0, aig2abc , pad4 , and aig2abc pad4 ( abc pad4 ) at 3 weeks old when grown under constant light. Shown are the peak areas captured by HPLC-MS. D, Expression of PAD3 , CYP71A13 , CYP81F2 , and FOX1 genes in wild-type Col-0, aig2abc , sid2 , fmo1 , pad4 , abc sid2 , abc fmo1 , and abc pad4 plants at 4 weeks old when grown under 12-h light/12-h dark conditions. Shown are relative expression levels analyzed by RT-qPCR using ACTIN2 as a reference gene; expression was normalized to that in wild-type Col-0. E, Relative content of camalexin in whole seedlings of Col-0, aig2abc , aig2ab1 pcs1-4 ( abc pcs1 ), and aig2abc ggp1-2 ( abc ggp1 ) at 3 weeks old when grown under constant light. Shown are the peak areas captured by HPLC-MS. F, Expression of SID2 , SARD4 , CBP60g , EDS1 , PAD4 , and PR1 genes in Col-0, aig2abc , pcs1 , ggp1 , 79b2 79b3 , 71a13 , abc pcs1 , abc ggp1 , abc 79b2 79b3 , and abc 71a13 plants at 4 weeks old when grown under 12-h light/12-h dark conditions. Shown are relative expression levels analyzed by RT-qPCR using ACTIN2 as a reference gene; expression was normalized to that in wild-type Col-0. Error bars represent the SD of five biological replicates for (B and C), four biological replicates for (E), and three biological replicates for (D and F). Different letters indicate significant differences ( P < 0.05) tested by one-way ANOVA with Duncan’s post hoc test.

Techniques Used: Functional Assay, Mutagenesis, Expressing, RNA Sequencing, Quantitative RT-PCR, Gene Expression

Working model for the role of AIG2A and AIG2B in plant immunity. The Arabidopsis AIG2A and AIG2B genes encode plant-specific γ-glutamyl cyclotransferases (psGGCT) and are induced by nonself signals and biosynthesis genes of TDSMs. They bind to the metabolon protein complex for biosynthesis of camalexin and potentially other TDSMs to inhibit both TDSM biosynthesis and TDSM-activated SA-NHP biosynthesis. This is likely through their enzymatic activity in converting defense-inducing γ-glutamyl compound(s) to nondefense-inducing compound(s). In the aig2abc mutant, the defense-inducing γ-glutamyl compound(s) cannot be metabolized. Nonself signals triggering TDSM biosynthesis are over-activated, resulting in subsequent activation of SA-NHP biosynthesis. The over-activation of SA-NHP biosynthesis represses plant growth and enhances resistance to Pst DC3000 but compromises resistance to Penicillium pathogens. (GSH)Conj.: glutathione conjugates; (Cys)Conj.: cysteine conjugates; Trp: tryptophan.

Figure Legend Snippet: Working model for the role of AIG2A and AIG2B in plant immunity. The Arabidopsis AIG2A and AIG2B genes encode plant-specific γ-glutamyl cyclotransferases (psGGCT) and are induced by nonself signals and biosynthesis genes of TDSMs. They bind to the metabolon protein complex for biosynthesis of camalexin and potentially other TDSMs to inhibit both TDSM biosynthesis and TDSM-activated SA-NHP biosynthesis. This is likely through their enzymatic activity in converting defense-inducing γ-glutamyl compound(s) to nondefense-inducing compound(s). In the aig2abc mutant, the defense-inducing γ-glutamyl compound(s) cannot be metabolized. Nonself signals triggering TDSM biosynthesis are over-activated, resulting in subsequent activation of SA-NHP biosynthesis. The over-activation of SA-NHP biosynthesis represses plant growth and enhances resistance to Pst DC3000 but compromises resistance to Penicillium pathogens. (GSH)Conj.: glutathione conjugates; (Cys)Conj.: cysteine conjugates; Trp: tryptophan.

Techniques Used: Activity Assay, Mutagenesis, Activation Assay

Incubation:

Article Title: N -hydroxy-pipecolic acid-mediated signal transduction and resistance requires DAWDLE
Article Snippet: .. In the NHP-induced local resistance assay, the adaxial and abaxial surface of three fully expanded leaves per Col-0 and ddl-6 plants were sprayed with about 600 to 700 μ l of water or 0.5 m m NHP (MedChemExpress, HY-N7378), then incubated for 5.5 h. For the SA-induced local resistance assay, three fully expanded leaves per Col-0 and ddl-6 plants were sprayed with 0.5% ethanol, 0.5 m m salicylic acid (Sigma, S7401) in 100% ethanol, then incubated for 5.5 h. The treated leaves were inoculated with a 1 × 10 5 CFU/mL suspension of Pst using a needless syringe. ..

Article Title: N-hydroxy-pipecolic acid-mediated signal transduction and resistance requires DAWDLE.
Article Snippet: .. 12 NHP- and SA-induced local resistance assay 13 In the NHP-induced local resistance assay, the adaxial and abaxial surface of three fully 14 expanded leaves per Col-0 and ddl-6 plants were sprayed with about 600 to 700 μl of 15 water or 0.5 mM NHP (MedChemExpress, HY-N7378), then incubated for 5.5 hours. .. For 16 the SA-induced local resistance assay, three fully expanded leaves per Col-0 and ddl-6 17 plants were sprayed with 0.5% ethanol, 0.5 mM salicylic acid (Sigma, S7401) in 100% 18 ethanol, then incubated for 5.5 hours.

Article Title: Warm temperature suppresses plant systemic acquired resistance by intercepting N ‐hydroxypipecolic acid biosynthesis
Article Snippet: .. Four‐week‐old Arabidopsis plant leaves were infiltrated with mock solution or 1 mM NHP (MedChemExpress) and then incubated in environmentally controlled growth chambers at either 23 or 28°C with identical relative humidity (60%) and lighting conditions (12 h light/12 dark). ..

Suspension:

other:

Article Title: A root-based N -hydroxypipecolic acid standby circuit to direct immunity and growth of Arabidopsis shoots
Article Snippet: Authentic standards for SA (Sigma-Aldrich) and NHP (MedChemExpress) were used for identification and quantification.

Article Title: A root-based N-hydroxypipecolic acid standby circuit to direct immunity and growth of Arabidopsis shoots.
Article Snippet: Authentic standards for SA (Sigma-Aldrich) and NHP (MedChemExpress) were used for identification and quantification.

Review