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beauvericin  (MedChemExpress)


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    Structured Review

    MedChemExpress beauvericin
    ( A ) Cells were treated with the indicated concentrations of <t>beauvericin</t> for 24 h, and viability was measured using the CellTiter-Glo assay. ( B ) Cells were exposed to beauvericin (2 and 4 μM) for 14 days, and colonies were stained with 0.5% crystal violet. Data are presented as mean ± SD ( n = 3). ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 vs. vehicle control (one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test).
    Beauvericin, supplied by MedChemExpress, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 94/100, based on 2 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/hy-n6739/Beauvericin/pmc13003326-35-0-4
    Average 94 stars, based on 2 article reviews
    beauvericin - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
    94/100 stars

    Images

    1) Product Images from "Beauvericin Induces Mitochondrial Apoptosis and Attenuates EMT-Associated Phenotypes and Angiogenic Signaling in Colorectal Cancer Cells In Vitro"

    Article Title: Beauvericin Induces Mitochondrial Apoptosis and Attenuates EMT-Associated Phenotypes and Angiogenic Signaling in Colorectal Cancer Cells In Vitro

    Journal: Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology

    doi: 10.4014/jmb.2511.11035

    ( A ) Cells were treated with the indicated concentrations of beauvericin for 24 h, and viability was measured using the CellTiter-Glo assay. ( B ) Cells were exposed to beauvericin (2 and 4 μM) for 14 days, and colonies were stained with 0.5% crystal violet. Data are presented as mean ± SD ( n = 3). ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 vs. vehicle control (one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test).
    Figure Legend Snippet: ( A ) Cells were treated with the indicated concentrations of beauvericin for 24 h, and viability was measured using the CellTiter-Glo assay. ( B ) Cells were exposed to beauvericin (2 and 4 μM) for 14 days, and colonies were stained with 0.5% crystal violet. Data are presented as mean ± SD ( n = 3). ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 vs. vehicle control (one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test).

    Techniques Used: Glo Assay, Staining, Control

    HCT116 and SW480 cells were treated with beauvericin for 24 h. Cell-cycle distribution ( A ) and apoptosis ( B ) were analyzed using the Guava Muse Cell Analyzer. Data are presented as mean ± SD ( n = 3). * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001 vs. vehicle control.
    Figure Legend Snippet: HCT116 and SW480 cells were treated with beauvericin for 24 h. Cell-cycle distribution ( A ) and apoptosis ( B ) were analyzed using the Guava Muse Cell Analyzer. Data are presented as mean ± SD ( n = 3). * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001 vs. vehicle control.

    Techniques Used: Control

    Cells were treated with beauvericin (5 and 10 μM) for 24 h. ( A ) Nuclear condensation/fragmentation (red arrows) was assessed by DAPI staining. ( B ) Mitochondrial ROS was detected using MitoSOX™. ( C ) Mitochondrial membrane potential was measured using TMRE. Data are presented as mean ± SD ( n = 3). ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 vs. vehicle control.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Cells were treated with beauvericin (5 and 10 μM) for 24 h. ( A ) Nuclear condensation/fragmentation (red arrows) was assessed by DAPI staining. ( B ) Mitochondrial ROS was detected using MitoSOX™. ( C ) Mitochondrial membrane potential was measured using TMRE. Data are presented as mean ± SD ( n = 3). ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 vs. vehicle control.

    Techniques Used: Staining, Membrane, Control

    Cells were treated with beauvericin (5 and 10 μM) for 24 h. Apoptosis-related proteins were analyzed by Western blot and quantified by densitometry. β-Actin served as a loading control. Data are presented as mean ± SD ( n = 3). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 vs. vehicle control.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Cells were treated with beauvericin (5 and 10 μM) for 24 h. Apoptosis-related proteins were analyzed by Western blot and quantified by densitometry. β-Actin served as a loading control. Data are presented as mean ± SD ( n = 3). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 vs. vehicle control.

    Techniques Used: Western Blot, Control

    ( A ) Wound closure assay after treatment with beauvericin (1 and 2 μM) for 30 h (HCT116) or 48 h (SW480). Quantification was normalized to the initial wound width. ( B ) Transwell migration assay using uncoated inserts (8.0 μm pore size) under serum-gradient conditions (upper: serum-free; lower: 10% FBS) for 6 h. ( C ) Transwell invasion through ECM-coated inserts was assessed after 18 h, and invaded cells were stained with H&E. Data are presented as mean ± SD ( n = 3). ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 vs. vehicle control.
    Figure Legend Snippet: ( A ) Wound closure assay after treatment with beauvericin (1 and 2 μM) for 30 h (HCT116) or 48 h (SW480). Quantification was normalized to the initial wound width. ( B ) Transwell migration assay using uncoated inserts (8.0 μm pore size) under serum-gradient conditions (upper: serum-free; lower: 10% FBS) for 6 h. ( C ) Transwell invasion through ECM-coated inserts was assessed after 18 h, and invaded cells were stained with H&E. Data are presented as mean ± SD ( n = 3). ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 vs. vehicle control.

    Techniques Used: Wound Closure Assay, Transwell Migration Assay, Pore Size, Staining, Control

    Cells were treated with beauvericin (2 and 4 μM) for 24 h. Phosphorylated FAK, Src, and ERK1/2 were quantified after normalization to the corresponding total proteins. EMT-associated markers were analyzed by Western blot and quantified by densitometry. β-Actin was used as a loading control. Data are presented as mean ± SD ( n = 3). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 vs. vehicle control.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Cells were treated with beauvericin (2 and 4 μM) for 24 h. Phosphorylated FAK, Src, and ERK1/2 were quantified after normalization to the corresponding total proteins. EMT-associated markers were analyzed by Western blot and quantified by densitometry. β-Actin was used as a loading control. Data are presented as mean ± SD ( n = 3). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 vs. vehicle control.

    Techniques Used: Western Blot, Control

    HCT116 and SW480 cells were treated with beauvericin (1 and 2 μM) for 24 h, and conditioned medium (CM) was collected. CM was applied to HUVECs for ( A ) proliferation and ( B ) invasion assays. ( C ) HUVEC tube formation on ECM gel was assessed using CM. ( D ) VEGF levels in CM were measured by ELISA. Data are presented as mean ± SD ( n = 3). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 vs. untreated CM group.
    Figure Legend Snippet: HCT116 and SW480 cells were treated with beauvericin (1 and 2 μM) for 24 h, and conditioned medium (CM) was collected. CM was applied to HUVECs for ( A ) proliferation and ( B ) invasion assays. ( C ) HUVEC tube formation on ECM gel was assessed using CM. ( D ) VEGF levels in CM were measured by ELISA. Data are presented as mean ± SD ( n = 3). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 vs. untreated CM group.

    Techniques Used: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

    ( A ) PPI network of overlapping genes between CRC-associated genes (NCBI Gene) and beauvericin-predicted targets (PharmMapper) constructed using STRING (minimum interaction score = 0.7). ( B ) Top hub genes ranked by node degree. ( C ) Phosphorylation levels of JAK2, STAT1, and STAT3 were assessed by Western blot after beauvericin treatment (2 and 4 μM, 24 h) and quantified after normalization to their respective total protein levels. β-Actin served as an additional loading control. Data are presented as mean ± SD ( n = 3). ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 vs. vehicle control.
    Figure Legend Snippet: ( A ) PPI network of overlapping genes between CRC-associated genes (NCBI Gene) and beauvericin-predicted targets (PharmMapper) constructed using STRING (minimum interaction score = 0.7). ( B ) Top hub genes ranked by node degree. ( C ) Phosphorylation levels of JAK2, STAT1, and STAT3 were assessed by Western blot after beauvericin treatment (2 and 4 μM, 24 h) and quantified after normalization to their respective total protein levels. β-Actin served as an additional loading control. Data are presented as mean ± SD ( n = 3). ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 vs. vehicle control.

    Techniques Used: Construct, Phospho-proteomics, Western Blot, Control

    Beauvericin induces mitochondrial apoptosis and is associated with attenuation of EMT-associated signaling, VEGF-dependent endothelial activation, and JAK/STAT pathway activation.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Beauvericin induces mitochondrial apoptosis and is associated with attenuation of EMT-associated signaling, VEGF-dependent endothelial activation, and JAK/STAT pathway activation.

    Techniques Used: Activation Assay

    Related Articles

    Concentration Assay:

    Article Title: The mycotoxin Beauvericin is an uncompetitive inhibitor of Cathepsin B.
    Article Snippet: .. On Day 9, BMDCs were seeded on a 24-well plate and subjected to a specified BEA concentration or to 30 μM of the control inhibitor, CA074 (MedChemExpress, Cat# HY-103350), for 24 h. The stimulated cells were collected for FACS or CTSB activity assays. .. iDCs were generated according to the protocol (Holken and Teusch 2023), namely, 1 106 THP-1 cells were cultured in a T25 flask with 5 mL RPMI (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Cat# 31870-025) including 10% heat-inactivated FCS (Sigma-Aldrich, Cat# F7524), 0.1% 2-mercaptoethanol (Thermo Fischer Scientific, Cat# 31350-010), 1% PenStrep (Biochrom GmbH, Cat# A2212), 1500 IU/mL rhGM-CSF (ImmunoTools, Cat# 11343125), and 1500 IU/mL rhIL-4 (ImmunoTools, Cat# 11340045) and incubated at 37 C and 5% CO2 for 5 days.

    Article Title: The mycotoxin Beauvericin is an uncompetitive inhibitor of Cathepsin B
    Article Snippet: .. On Day 9, BMDCs were seeded on a 24‐well plate and subjected to a specified BEA concentration or to 30 μM of the control inhibitor, CA074 (MedChemExpress, Cat# HY‐103350), for 24 h. The stimulated cells were collected for FACS or CTSB activity assays. .. iDCs were generated according to the protocol (Holken and Teusch ), namely, 1 × 10 6 THP‐1 cells were cultured in a T25 flask with 5 mL RPMI (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Cat# 31870‐025) including 10% heat‐inactivated FCS (Sigma‐Aldrich, Cat# F7524), 0.1% 2‐mercaptoethanol (Thermo Fischer Scientific, Cat# 31350‐010), 1% PenStrep (Biochrom GmbH, Cat# A2212), 1500 IU/mL rhGM‐CSF (ImmunoTools, Cat# 11343125), and 1500 IU/mL rhIL‐4 (ImmunoTools, Cat# 11340045) and incubated at 37°C and 5% CO 2 for 5 days.

    Article Title: The mycotoxin Beauvericin is an uncompetitive inhibitor of Cathepsin B
    Article Snippet: .. On day 9, BMDCs were seeded on a 24-well plate and subjected to a specified BEA concentration or to 30 μM of the control inhibitor, CA074 (MedChemExpress, Cat# HY-103350), for 24 hours. ..

    Control:

    Article Title: The mycotoxin Beauvericin is an uncompetitive inhibitor of Cathepsin B.
    Article Snippet: .. On Day 9, BMDCs were seeded on a 24-well plate and subjected to a specified BEA concentration or to 30 μM of the control inhibitor, CA074 (MedChemExpress, Cat# HY-103350), for 24 h. The stimulated cells were collected for FACS or CTSB activity assays. .. iDCs were generated according to the protocol (Holken and Teusch 2023), namely, 1 106 THP-1 cells were cultured in a T25 flask with 5 mL RPMI (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Cat# 31870-025) including 10% heat-inactivated FCS (Sigma-Aldrich, Cat# F7524), 0.1% 2-mercaptoethanol (Thermo Fischer Scientific, Cat# 31350-010), 1% PenStrep (Biochrom GmbH, Cat# A2212), 1500 IU/mL rhGM-CSF (ImmunoTools, Cat# 11343125), and 1500 IU/mL rhIL-4 (ImmunoTools, Cat# 11340045) and incubated at 37 C and 5% CO2 for 5 days.

    Article Title: The mycotoxin Beauvericin is an uncompetitive inhibitor of Cathepsin B
    Article Snippet: .. On Day 9, BMDCs were seeded on a 24‐well plate and subjected to a specified BEA concentration or to 30 μM of the control inhibitor, CA074 (MedChemExpress, Cat# HY‐103350), for 24 h. The stimulated cells were collected for FACS or CTSB activity assays. .. iDCs were generated according to the protocol (Holken and Teusch ), namely, 1 × 10 6 THP‐1 cells were cultured in a T25 flask with 5 mL RPMI (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Cat# 31870‐025) including 10% heat‐inactivated FCS (Sigma‐Aldrich, Cat# F7524), 0.1% 2‐mercaptoethanol (Thermo Fischer Scientific, Cat# 31350‐010), 1% PenStrep (Biochrom GmbH, Cat# A2212), 1500 IU/mL rhGM‐CSF (ImmunoTools, Cat# 11343125), and 1500 IU/mL rhIL‐4 (ImmunoTools, Cat# 11340045) and incubated at 37°C and 5% CO 2 for 5 days.

    Article Title: The mycotoxin Beauvericin is an uncompetitive inhibitor of Cathepsin B
    Article Snippet: .. On day 9, BMDCs were seeded on a 24-well plate and subjected to a specified BEA concentration or to 30 μM of the control inhibitor, CA074 (MedChemExpress, Cat# HY-103350), for 24 hours. ..

    FACS:

    Article Title: The mycotoxin Beauvericin is an uncompetitive inhibitor of Cathepsin B.
    Article Snippet: .. On Day 9, BMDCs were seeded on a 24-well plate and subjected to a specified BEA concentration or to 30 μM of the control inhibitor, CA074 (MedChemExpress, Cat# HY-103350), for 24 h. The stimulated cells were collected for FACS or CTSB activity assays. .. iDCs were generated according to the protocol (Holken and Teusch 2023), namely, 1 106 THP-1 cells were cultured in a T25 flask with 5 mL RPMI (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Cat# 31870-025) including 10% heat-inactivated FCS (Sigma-Aldrich, Cat# F7524), 0.1% 2-mercaptoethanol (Thermo Fischer Scientific, Cat# 31350-010), 1% PenStrep (Biochrom GmbH, Cat# A2212), 1500 IU/mL rhGM-CSF (ImmunoTools, Cat# 11343125), and 1500 IU/mL rhIL-4 (ImmunoTools, Cat# 11340045) and incubated at 37 C and 5% CO2 for 5 days.

    Article Title: The mycotoxin Beauvericin is an uncompetitive inhibitor of Cathepsin B
    Article Snippet: .. On Day 9, BMDCs were seeded on a 24‐well plate and subjected to a specified BEA concentration or to 30 μM of the control inhibitor, CA074 (MedChemExpress, Cat# HY‐103350), for 24 h. The stimulated cells were collected for FACS or CTSB activity assays. .. iDCs were generated according to the protocol (Holken and Teusch ), namely, 1 × 10 6 THP‐1 cells were cultured in a T25 flask with 5 mL RPMI (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Cat# 31870‐025) including 10% heat‐inactivated FCS (Sigma‐Aldrich, Cat# F7524), 0.1% 2‐mercaptoethanol (Thermo Fischer Scientific, Cat# 31350‐010), 1% PenStrep (Biochrom GmbH, Cat# A2212), 1500 IU/mL rhGM‐CSF (ImmunoTools, Cat# 11343125), and 1500 IU/mL rhIL‐4 (ImmunoTools, Cat# 11340045) and incubated at 37°C and 5% CO 2 for 5 days.

    Activity Assay:

    Article Title: The mycotoxin Beauvericin is an uncompetitive inhibitor of Cathepsin B.
    Article Snippet: .. On Day 9, BMDCs were seeded on a 24-well plate and subjected to a specified BEA concentration or to 30 μM of the control inhibitor, CA074 (MedChemExpress, Cat# HY-103350), for 24 h. The stimulated cells were collected for FACS or CTSB activity assays. .. iDCs were generated according to the protocol (Holken and Teusch 2023), namely, 1 106 THP-1 cells were cultured in a T25 flask with 5 mL RPMI (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Cat# 31870-025) including 10% heat-inactivated FCS (Sigma-Aldrich, Cat# F7524), 0.1% 2-mercaptoethanol (Thermo Fischer Scientific, Cat# 31350-010), 1% PenStrep (Biochrom GmbH, Cat# A2212), 1500 IU/mL rhGM-CSF (ImmunoTools, Cat# 11343125), and 1500 IU/mL rhIL-4 (ImmunoTools, Cat# 11340045) and incubated at 37 C and 5% CO2 for 5 days.

    Article Title: The mycotoxin Beauvericin is an uncompetitive inhibitor of Cathepsin B
    Article Snippet: .. On Day 9, BMDCs were seeded on a 24‐well plate and subjected to a specified BEA concentration or to 30 μM of the control inhibitor, CA074 (MedChemExpress, Cat# HY‐103350), for 24 h. The stimulated cells were collected for FACS or CTSB activity assays. .. iDCs were generated according to the protocol (Holken and Teusch ), namely, 1 × 10 6 THP‐1 cells were cultured in a T25 flask with 5 mL RPMI (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Cat# 31870‐025) including 10% heat‐inactivated FCS (Sigma‐Aldrich, Cat# F7524), 0.1% 2‐mercaptoethanol (Thermo Fischer Scientific, Cat# 31350‐010), 1% PenStrep (Biochrom GmbH, Cat# A2212), 1500 IU/mL rhGM‐CSF (ImmunoTools, Cat# 11343125), and 1500 IU/mL rhIL‐4 (ImmunoTools, Cat# 11340045) and incubated at 37°C and 5% CO 2 for 5 days.

    other:


    Article Title: Beauvericin Induces Mitochondrial Apoptosis and Attenuates EMT-Associated Phenotypes and Angiogenic Signaling in Colorectal Cancer Cells In Vitro .
    Article Snippet: Introduction Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide [1].. In 2022, it accounted for over 1.9 million new cases and nearly 900,000 deaths, with an estimated global 5-year prevalence exceeding 5 million cases.. The development of CRC is closely associated with lifestyle factors such as smoking, high-fat or lowfiber diet, excessive alcohol consumption, sedentary behavior, and obesity [1, 2].



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    Inhibition of CTSB activity by <t>BEA</t> in <t>mouse</t> <t>BMDCs.</t> (a) 1 × 10 6 BMDCs from C57BL/6N mice were stimulated with the indicated concentrations of BEA for 16 h. CTSB activity was measured in cell lysates. (b, c) 5 × 10 5 BMDCs from C57BL/6N mice were stimulated with the indicated concentrations of BEA or the known CTSB inhibitor CA‐074 for 16 h. CTSB activity was detected in BMDCs by flow cytometry. (d) 1 × 10 6 iDCs were stimulated with the indicated concentrations of BEA for 16 h. CTSB activity was measured in cell lysates. (e, f) 5 × 10 5 iDCs were stimulated with the indicated concentrations of BEA or CA‐074 for 16 h. CTSB activity was detected in iDCs by flow cytometry. Data is shown as means ± SEM. Results shown are representative of two to three independent experiments. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, **** p < 0.0001, ns, not significant.
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    Image Search Results


    Inhibition of CTSB activity by BEA in mouse BMDCs. (a) 1 × 10 6 BMDCs from C57BL/6N mice were stimulated with the indicated concentrations of BEA for 16 h. CTSB activity was measured in cell lysates. (b, c) 5 × 10 5 BMDCs from C57BL/6N mice were stimulated with the indicated concentrations of BEA or the known CTSB inhibitor CA‐074 for 16 h. CTSB activity was detected in BMDCs by flow cytometry. (d) 1 × 10 6 iDCs were stimulated with the indicated concentrations of BEA for 16 h. CTSB activity was measured in cell lysates. (e, f) 5 × 10 5 iDCs were stimulated with the indicated concentrations of BEA or CA‐074 for 16 h. CTSB activity was detected in iDCs by flow cytometry. Data is shown as means ± SEM. Results shown are representative of two to three independent experiments. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, **** p < 0.0001, ns, not significant.

    Journal: Protein Science : A Publication of the Protein Society

    Article Title: The mycotoxin Beauvericin is an uncompetitive inhibitor of Cathepsin B

    doi: 10.1002/pro.70173

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Inhibition of CTSB activity by BEA in mouse BMDCs. (a) 1 × 10 6 BMDCs from C57BL/6N mice were stimulated with the indicated concentrations of BEA for 16 h. CTSB activity was measured in cell lysates. (b, c) 5 × 10 5 BMDCs from C57BL/6N mice were stimulated with the indicated concentrations of BEA or the known CTSB inhibitor CA‐074 for 16 h. CTSB activity was detected in BMDCs by flow cytometry. (d) 1 × 10 6 iDCs were stimulated with the indicated concentrations of BEA for 16 h. CTSB activity was measured in cell lysates. (e, f) 5 × 10 5 iDCs were stimulated with the indicated concentrations of BEA or CA‐074 for 16 h. CTSB activity was detected in iDCs by flow cytometry. Data is shown as means ± SEM. Results shown are representative of two to three independent experiments. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, **** p < 0.0001, ns, not significant.

    Article Snippet: On Day 9, BMDCs were seeded on a 24‐well plate and subjected to a specified BEA concentration or to 30 μM of the control inhibitor, CA074 (MedChemExpress, Cat# HY‐103350), for 24 h. The stimulated cells were collected for FACS or CTSB activity assays.

    Techniques: Inhibition, Activity Assay, Flow Cytometry

    Identification of a putative BEA binding site using molecular docking. (a) Different proteins inhibited by BEA (Cathepsin B: blue, Cathepsin V: white, Papain: yellow) display Phe‐Val‐rich regions in their proenzyme autoinhibitory peptides (Cathepsin B: beige, Cathepsin V: purple, Papain: cyan). The residues are shown as red sticks, and the region is highlighted with a gray circle. (b) Docking score distribution for the generated binding poses of BEA. (c) Binding mode consistent with the placement of the autoinhibitory peptide. BEA is shown as yellow sticks, nearby residues are shown as blue sticks, and the catalytic cysteine is shown in cyan. The center of mass of the side chains of the autoinhibitory peptide is shown as red spheres. (d) Superimposition of the binding mode shown in (c) (protein shown as blue cartoon, BEA shown as yellow van der Waals spheres), against the structure of rat CTSB bound to the tripeptide‐mimetic covalent inhibitor benzyloxycarbonyl‐Arg‐Ser(O‐Bzl) chloromethylketone (PDB ID 1THE ) (protein shown as green cartoon, inhibitor shown as purple van der Waals spheres).

    Journal: Protein Science : A Publication of the Protein Society

    Article Title: The mycotoxin Beauvericin is an uncompetitive inhibitor of Cathepsin B

    doi: 10.1002/pro.70173

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Identification of a putative BEA binding site using molecular docking. (a) Different proteins inhibited by BEA (Cathepsin B: blue, Cathepsin V: white, Papain: yellow) display Phe‐Val‐rich regions in their proenzyme autoinhibitory peptides (Cathepsin B: beige, Cathepsin V: purple, Papain: cyan). The residues are shown as red sticks, and the region is highlighted with a gray circle. (b) Docking score distribution for the generated binding poses of BEA. (c) Binding mode consistent with the placement of the autoinhibitory peptide. BEA is shown as yellow sticks, nearby residues are shown as blue sticks, and the catalytic cysteine is shown in cyan. The center of mass of the side chains of the autoinhibitory peptide is shown as red spheres. (d) Superimposition of the binding mode shown in (c) (protein shown as blue cartoon, BEA shown as yellow van der Waals spheres), against the structure of rat CTSB bound to the tripeptide‐mimetic covalent inhibitor benzyloxycarbonyl‐Arg‐Ser(O‐Bzl) chloromethylketone (PDB ID 1THE ) (protein shown as green cartoon, inhibitor shown as purple van der Waals spheres).

    Article Snippet: On Day 9, BMDCs were seeded on a 24‐well plate and subjected to a specified BEA concentration or to 30 μM of the control inhibitor, CA074 (MedChemExpress, Cat# HY‐103350), for 24 h. The stimulated cells were collected for FACS or CTSB activity assays.

    Techniques: Binding Assay, Generated