procyanidin a2  (MedChemExpress)

Journal: Viruses

Article Title: Procyanidins A1 and B1 Suppress PEDV CV777 by Modulating Mitophagy

doi: 10.3390/v18070758

Figure Lengend Snippet: The chemical structures of procyanidins A1, A2, B1, and B2. ( A ) Procyanidin A1. ( B ) Procyanidin A2. ( C ) Procyanidin B1. ( D ) Procyanidin B2.

Article Snippet: Procyanidin A1 (CAS No. 103883-03-0, purity ≥ 99.96%, HY-N2344, 1 μg/mL = 1.735 μM), procyanidin A2 (CAS No. 41743-41-3, purity ≥ 99.85%, HY-N2343, 1 μg/mL = 1.735 μM), procyanidin B1 (CAS No. 20315-25-7, purity ≥ 99.28%, HY-N0795, 1 μg/mL = 1.729 μM), procyanidin B2 (CAS No. 29106-49-8, purity ≥ 99.79%, HY-N0796, 1 μg/mL = 1.729 μM), and ribavirin (CAS No. 36791-04-5, purity ≥ 99.96%, HY-B0434) were purchased from MedChemExpress (South Brunswick, NJ, USA).

Techniques:

Journal: Viruses

Article Title: Procyanidins A1 and B1 Suppress PEDV CV777 by Modulating Mitophagy

doi: 10.3390/v18070758

Figure Lengend Snippet: Inhibitory effects of different procyanidin configurations on PEDV infection ( n = 3). ( A , B ) Vero cells were infected with PEDV (MOI = 0.5) for 2 h and treated with the indicated concentrations of procyanidins for 20 h. The cells were fixed, permeabilized, and immunostained for indirect immunofluorescence imaging. PEDV-N: green; DAPI: blue. ( A ) Procyanidin A1 and A2 at 5, 25, and 50 μg/mL. ( B ) Procyanidin B1 and B2 at 5, 25, and 50 μg/mL. ( C , D ) Vero cells were infected with PEDV (MOI = 0.5) for 2 h and subsequently treated with the indicated concentrations of procyanidins for 20 h. Total protein was extracted for Western blot analysis. ( C ) Procyanidin A1 at 10, 20 and 30 μg/mL. ( D ) Procyanidin B1 at 25, 37.5, and 50 μg/mL. ns: p > 0.05, **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Procyanidin A1 (CAS No. 103883-03-0, purity ≥ 99.96%, HY-N2344, 1 μg/mL = 1.735 μM), procyanidin A2 (CAS No. 41743-41-3, purity ≥ 99.85%, HY-N2343, 1 μg/mL = 1.735 μM), procyanidin B1 (CAS No. 20315-25-7, purity ≥ 99.28%, HY-N0795, 1 μg/mL = 1.729 μM), procyanidin B2 (CAS No. 29106-49-8, purity ≥ 99.79%, HY-N0796, 1 μg/mL = 1.729 μM), and ribavirin (CAS No. 36791-04-5, purity ≥ 99.96%, HY-B0434) were purchased from MedChemExpress (South Brunswick, NJ, USA).

Techniques: Infection, Immunofluorescence, Imaging, Western Blot

Journal: Viruses

Article Title: Procyanidins A1 and B1 Suppress PEDV CV777 by Modulating Mitophagy

doi: 10.3390/v18070758

Figure Lengend Snippet: Drug selectivity index of procyanidins A1 and B1 ( n = 3). ( A ) CC 50 of procyanidin A1 in Vero cells. ( B ) EC 50 of procyanidin A1 in Vero cells. ( C ) CC 50 of procyanidin B1 in Vero cells. ( D ) EC 50 of procyanidin B1 in Vero cells.

Article Snippet: Procyanidin A1 (CAS No. 103883-03-0, purity ≥ 99.96%, HY-N2344, 1 μg/mL = 1.735 μM), procyanidin A2 (CAS No. 41743-41-3, purity ≥ 99.85%, HY-N2343, 1 μg/mL = 1.735 μM), procyanidin B1 (CAS No. 20315-25-7, purity ≥ 99.28%, HY-N0795, 1 μg/mL = 1.729 μM), procyanidin B2 (CAS No. 29106-49-8, purity ≥ 99.79%, HY-N0796, 1 μg/mL = 1.729 μM), and ribavirin (CAS No. 36791-04-5, purity ≥ 99.96%, HY-B0434) were purchased from MedChemExpress (South Brunswick, NJ, USA).

Techniques:

Journal: Viruses

Article Title: Procyanidins A1 and B1 Suppress PEDV CV777 by Modulating Mitophagy

doi: 10.3390/v18070758

Figure Lengend Snippet: Procyanidins A1 and B1 antagonize the effects of PEDV on autophagy, mitochondrial dynamics, and mitophagy-related proteins ( n = 3). ( A , B ) Vero cells were infected with PEDV (MOI = 0.5) for 2 h, followed by treatment with procyanidins A1 or B1. ( A ) Cells were treated with procyanidin A1 (10, 20, or 30 μg/mL) for 20 h, and total protein was extracted for Western blot. ( B ) Cells were treated with procyanidin B1 (25, 37.5, or 50 μg/mL) for 20 h, and total protein was extracted for Western blot. ( C – H ) Densitometric analysis of the p62 ( C ), LC3-II ( D ), PINK1 ( E ), Parkin ( F ), DRP1 ( G ), and MFN1 ( H ) protein bands was performed via ImageJ. ( I , J ) IPEC-J2 cells were transfected with the mCherry-GFP-LC3 plasmid, and the effects of procyanidins on autophagic flux during PEDV infection were evaluated via fluorescence microscopy (scale bar 10 μm). Arrows indicate representative yellow or red puncta of mCherry-GFP-LC3, reflecting autophagosomes or autolysosomes. ( I ) Procyanidin A1 treatment group. ( J ) Procyanidin B1 treatment group. ns: p > 0.05, *: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Procyanidin A1 (CAS No. 103883-03-0, purity ≥ 99.96%, HY-N2344, 1 μg/mL = 1.735 μM), procyanidin A2 (CAS No. 41743-41-3, purity ≥ 99.85%, HY-N2343, 1 μg/mL = 1.735 μM), procyanidin B1 (CAS No. 20315-25-7, purity ≥ 99.28%, HY-N0795, 1 μg/mL = 1.729 μM), procyanidin B2 (CAS No. 29106-49-8, purity ≥ 99.79%, HY-N0796, 1 μg/mL = 1.729 μM), and ribavirin (CAS No. 36791-04-5, purity ≥ 99.96%, HY-B0434) were purchased from MedChemExpress (South Brunswick, NJ, USA).

Techniques: Infection, Western Blot, Transfection, Plasmid Preparation, Fluorescence, Microscopy

Journal: Viruses

Article Title: Procyanidins A1 and B1 Suppress PEDV CV777 by Modulating Mitophagy

doi: 10.3390/v18070758

Figure Lengend Snippet: Molecular docking simulations of procyanidins A1 and B1 with proteins related to mitophagy and mitochondrial membrane dynamics. Panels ( A – H ) Display the molecular docking results (binding poses) and 2D diagrams illustrating hydrogen bonds and detailed intermolecular interactions between the procyanidins and target proteins. ( A ) Procyanidin A1 with DRP1. ( B ) Procyanidin B1 with DRP1. ( C ) Procyanidin A1 with MFN1. ( D ) Procyanidin B1 with MFN1. ( E ) Procyanidin A1 with Parkin. ( F ) Procyanidin B1 with Parkin. ( G ) Procyanidin A1 with PINK1. ( H ) Procyanidin B1 with PINK1.

Article Snippet: Procyanidin A1 (CAS No. 103883-03-0, purity ≥ 99.96%, HY-N2344, 1 μg/mL = 1.735 μM), procyanidin A2 (CAS No. 41743-41-3, purity ≥ 99.85%, HY-N2343, 1 μg/mL = 1.735 μM), procyanidin B1 (CAS No. 20315-25-7, purity ≥ 99.28%, HY-N0795, 1 μg/mL = 1.729 μM), procyanidin B2 (CAS No. 29106-49-8, purity ≥ 99.79%, HY-N0796, 1 μg/mL = 1.729 μM), and ribavirin (CAS No. 36791-04-5, purity ≥ 99.96%, HY-B0434) were purchased from MedChemExpress (South Brunswick, NJ, USA).

Techniques: Membrane, Binding Assay