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chaetocin  (MedChemExpress)


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    Structured Review

    MedChemExpress chaetocin
    Suppressing H3K9me3 potentiates WYC‐209 inhibition of tumor metastasis. A) Schematic of the experimental protocol; i.v., intravenous injection. Control B16‐F1 cells were cultured in 90 Pa fibrin gels for 5 days to form TRCs. TRCs were isolated from gels and injected intravenously via tail veins into wild‐type immune‐competent syngeneic C57BL/6 mice at 100 000 cells per mouse. Various groups: 8 mice per group were injected with TRCs for 5 days and then were treated with DMSO (0.1%, vehicle) or molecules every 2 days via intravenous injection. Mice were dissected on day 30 or on the day of death to examine signs of lung metastases. B) Lung metastases of B16‐F1 TRCs after being treated with WYC‐209, <t>chaetocin,</t> WYC‐209 with chaetocin, JIB‐04, JIB‐04 with WYC‐209, or DMSO. * p < 0.05; *** p < 0.001 with Fisher's exact test. C) Survival ratio of C57BL/6 mice injected with TRCs treated with different molecules. Statistical analyses of survival ratio were performed by Mantel–Cox test (ns = not significantly different; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001 compared to DMSO‐treated group). Note that on day 30 all mice from the DMSO group, chaetocin alone group, and JIB‐04 alone group died; the three lines from three groups overlap, so one only could see the red line. None of the mice from the WYC‐209 0.11 mg kg −1 + chaetocin 0.013 mg kg −1 group and WYC‐209 0.22 mg kg −1 died on day 30; the two lines from two groups overlap, so one only could see the blue line.
    Chaetocin, supplied by MedChemExpress, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 94/100, based on 18 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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    Images

    1) Product Images from "Synthetic Retinoid Kills Drug‐Resistant Cancer Stem Cells via Inducing RAR γ ‐Translocation‐Mediated Tension Reduction and Chromatin Decondensation"

    Article Title: Synthetic Retinoid Kills Drug‐Resistant Cancer Stem Cells via Inducing RAR γ ‐Translocation‐Mediated Tension Reduction and Chromatin Decondensation

    Journal: Advanced Science

    doi: 10.1002/advs.202203173

    Suppressing H3K9me3 potentiates WYC‐209 inhibition of tumor metastasis. A) Schematic of the experimental protocol; i.v., intravenous injection. Control B16‐F1 cells were cultured in 90 Pa fibrin gels for 5 days to form TRCs. TRCs were isolated from gels and injected intravenously via tail veins into wild‐type immune‐competent syngeneic C57BL/6 mice at 100 000 cells per mouse. Various groups: 8 mice per group were injected with TRCs for 5 days and then were treated with DMSO (0.1%, vehicle) or molecules every 2 days via intravenous injection. Mice were dissected on day 30 or on the day of death to examine signs of lung metastases. B) Lung metastases of B16‐F1 TRCs after being treated with WYC‐209, chaetocin, WYC‐209 with chaetocin, JIB‐04, JIB‐04 with WYC‐209, or DMSO. * p < 0.05; *** p < 0.001 with Fisher's exact test. C) Survival ratio of C57BL/6 mice injected with TRCs treated with different molecules. Statistical analyses of survival ratio were performed by Mantel–Cox test (ns = not significantly different; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001 compared to DMSO‐treated group). Note that on day 30 all mice from the DMSO group, chaetocin alone group, and JIB‐04 alone group died; the three lines from three groups overlap, so one only could see the red line. None of the mice from the WYC‐209 0.11 mg kg −1 + chaetocin 0.013 mg kg −1 group and WYC‐209 0.22 mg kg −1 died on day 30; the two lines from two groups overlap, so one only could see the blue line.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Suppressing H3K9me3 potentiates WYC‐209 inhibition of tumor metastasis. A) Schematic of the experimental protocol; i.v., intravenous injection. Control B16‐F1 cells were cultured in 90 Pa fibrin gels for 5 days to form TRCs. TRCs were isolated from gels and injected intravenously via tail veins into wild‐type immune‐competent syngeneic C57BL/6 mice at 100 000 cells per mouse. Various groups: 8 mice per group were injected with TRCs for 5 days and then were treated with DMSO (0.1%, vehicle) or molecules every 2 days via intravenous injection. Mice were dissected on day 30 or on the day of death to examine signs of lung metastases. B) Lung metastases of B16‐F1 TRCs after being treated with WYC‐209, chaetocin, WYC‐209 with chaetocin, JIB‐04, JIB‐04 with WYC‐209, or DMSO. * p < 0.05; *** p < 0.001 with Fisher's exact test. C) Survival ratio of C57BL/6 mice injected with TRCs treated with different molecules. Statistical analyses of survival ratio were performed by Mantel–Cox test (ns = not significantly different; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001 compared to DMSO‐treated group). Note that on day 30 all mice from the DMSO group, chaetocin alone group, and JIB‐04 alone group died; the three lines from three groups overlap, so one only could see the red line. None of the mice from the WYC‐209 0.11 mg kg −1 + chaetocin 0.013 mg kg −1 group and WYC‐209 0.22 mg kg −1 died on day 30; the two lines from two groups overlap, so one only could see the blue line.

    Techniques Used: Inhibition, Injection, Control, Cell Culture, Isolation

    Related Articles

    other:

    Article Title: Ribosome dysregulation and intervention in age-related infertility
    Article Snippet: Chaetocin , MCE , CatHY-N2019.

    Recombinant:

    Article Title: MIAT-DHX9 spatiotemporal expression drives venous neointimal hyperplasia through nucleolar homeostasis and mitotic progression.
    Article Snippet: .. REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Antibodies Anti-DHX9 Proteintech Cat# 17721-1-AP; RRID: AB_2092506 Anti-Beta actin Proteintech Cat# 66009-1-Ig; RRID: AB_2687938 Anti-FBL Proteintech Cat# 16021-1-AP; RRID: AB_2105788 Anti-GAPDH Proteintech Cat# 60004-1-Ig; RRID: AB_2107436 Anti-Gamma tubulin Proteintech Cat# 66320-1-Ig; RRID: AB_2857350 488-conjugated anti-Ki-67 Proteintec Cat# CL488-27309; RRID: AB_2919213 Anti-DKC1 Zen Bio Cat# R24118 Anti-rabbit igG (Alexa Fluor® 647 conjugate) Cell Signaling Technology Cat# 4414; RRID: AB_10693544 Anti-rabbit igG (Alexa Fluor® 555 conjugate) Cell Signaling Technology Cat# 4413; RRID: AB_10694110 Anti-rabbit igG (Alexa Fluor® 488 conjugate) Cell Signaling Technology Cat# 4412; RRID: AB_1904025 Anti-mouse igG (Alexa Fluor® 555 conjugate) Cell Signaling Technology Cat# 4409; RRID: AB_1904022 Anti-mouse igG (Alexa Fluor® 488 conjugate) Cell Signaling Technology Cat# 4408; RRID: AB_10694704 Anti-Phospho-Histone H3 (Ser10) Cell Signaling Technology Cat# 53348; RRID: AB_2799431 Anti-Phosphor-Histone H2A.X (Ser139) Cell Signaling Technology Cat# 9718; RRID: AB_2118009 Anti-rabbit IgG, HRP-linked Antibody Cell Signaling Technology Cat# 7074; RRID: AB_2099233 Anti-mouse IgG, HRP-linked Antibody Cell Signaling Technology Cat# 7076; RRID: AB_330924 Anti-NPM1 Abcam Cat# ab10530; RRID: AB_297271 Biological samples Human AVF tissues This paper Ethical permission (2021-KY-0832) Human saphenous veins This paper Ethical permission (SH9H-2021-TK32-1) Human renal veins and NB tissues This paper Ethical permission (XHEC-D-2024-115) Chemicals, peptides, and recombinant proteins DMSO Sigma-Aldich Cat# D2650 TRIzol reagent Thermo Fisher Scientific Cat# 15596018 Hoechst 33342 Thermo Fisher Scientific Cat# R37605 L-mimosine Sigma-Aldich Cat# M0253 Chaetocin MCE Cat# HY-N2019 Actinomycin D MCE Cat# HY-17559 Angiotensin II human MCE Cat# HY-13948 ProLong Diamond Antifade Mountant Thermo Fisher Scientific Cat# P36961 Lipofectmine RNAiMAX Thermo Fisher Scientific Cat# 13778150 smFISH buffer BIOSEARCH Cat# SMF-HB1 Critical commercial assays EdU kit UE Cat# C6016 Annexin V/PI kit UE Cat# Y6002 PrimeScript TM RT Master Mix (Perfect Real Time) TaKaRa Cat# RR036A Cell Cycle/Checkpoint Antibody Sampler Kit Cell Signaling Technology Cat# 9917 RIP kit Sigma-Aldich Cat# 17-700 (Continued on next page) 16 Cell Reports 44, 116578, December 23, 2025 ..

    Cell Culture:

    Article Title: Chromatin architecture and physical constriction cooperate in phenotype switching and cancer cell dissemination
    Article Snippet: .. To assess the effects of H3K9me3 perturbation, 1-2x10 5 501mel and SKMEL-28 were seeded into cell culture inserts with 8.0μm pore size (Corning, #353097) placed into a dedicated 24 well plate (Corning, #353504) and grown in complete media supplemented with DMSO or 5nM Chaetocin (MedChem Express, #HY-N2019) for 12-24hrs. .. Next, inserts were rinsed twice in PBS and fixed with 4% PFA-PBS solution (Electron Microscopy Sciences, #15733-10) for 10min at room temperature.

    Pore Size:

    Article Title: Chromatin architecture and physical constriction cooperate in phenotype switching and cancer cell dissemination
    Article Snippet: .. To assess the effects of H3K9me3 perturbation, 1-2x10 5 501mel and SKMEL-28 were seeded into cell culture inserts with 8.0μm pore size (Corning, #353097) placed into a dedicated 24 well plate (Corning, #353504) and grown in complete media supplemented with DMSO or 5nM Chaetocin (MedChem Express, #HY-N2019) for 12-24hrs. .. Next, inserts were rinsed twice in PBS and fixed with 4% PFA-PBS solution (Electron Microscopy Sciences, #15733-10) for 10min at room temperature.



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    MedChemExpress chaetocin
    Suv39h2 degradation failure disrupted ZGA and embryonic development via preventing H3K9me3 reduction. (A) Suv39h2 mRNA levels in NC and CQ-treated groups. ** p < 0.01. (B) Representative confocal images (left) and fluorescence intensity (right) of SUV39H2 in NC and CQ-treated groups. Scale bar: 50 μm, ** p < 0.01. (C) Representative images (left) and blastocyst rates (right) of nc and Suv39h2 -overexpressing embryos. Scale bar: 50 μm, *** p < 0.001. (D) GSEA of ZGA genes in Suv39h2 -overexpressing embryos. (E) Representative confocal images (left) and fluorescence intensity (right) of H3K9me3 in NC and CQ-treated groups. Scale bar: 50 μm, ** p < 0.01. (F) H3K9me3 peak signal in NC and CQ-treated groups. (G) UCSC browser track showing H3K9me3 peaks at representative loci in NC and CQ-treated groups. (H) Bar plot showing the enrichment score of CQ gain and CQ loss peaks at different classes of ltr. (I) Heatmap showing the H3K9me3 signals on MERVL-int ranked by relative changes after CQ treatment. (J) Representative images (left) and blastocyst rate (right) of NC, CQ treated and <t>CQ+chaetocin</t> groups. Scale bar: 50 μm, *** p < 0.001, * p < 0.05. (K) Representative confocal images (left) and fluorescence intensity (right) of H3K9me3 in NC and CQ-treated groups. Scale bar: 50 μm, ** p < 0.01. (L) GSEA of ZGA genes in CQ+chaetocin treated embryos.
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    MedChemExpress lactate chaetocin
    a Histone methylation modifiers binding to the FBP1 promoter sequence identified from the ChIP-Atlas public database. b , c The ChIP-qPCR assay confirming the interaction between H3K9me3/H3K27me3 and Fbp1 in MOVAS cells ( n = 3). d , e The protein expressions of H3K9me3 and H3K27me3 in mice ( n = 3). f , g The protein expressions of methyltransferases related to H3K9me3 and H3K27me3 in mice ( n = 3). h , i Effects of Suv39h1 overexpression on H3K9me3 as well as on FBP1 protein and Fbp1 mRNA levels in MOVAS cells ( n = 3). j , k Effects of siRNA-mediated knockdown of Suv39h1 on H3K9me3 as well as on FBP1 protein and Fbp1 mRNA levels in MOVAS cells ( n = 3). l , m Effects of a Suv39h1 inhibitor <t>(chaetocin,</t> 25, 50 nM) on FBP1 protein and Fbp1 mRNA levels in MOVAS cells ( n = 3). n CBX3 binding to the Fbp1 promoter sequence identified from the ChIP-Atlas public database. o The ChIP-qPCR assay confirming the interaction between CBX3 and Fbp1 in MOVAS cells ( n = 3). p , q The protein expressions of CBX3 in mice ( n = 3). r , s Effects of Cbx3 overexpression on FBP1 protein and Fbp1 mRNA levels in MOVAS cells ( n = 3). t , u Effects of siRNA-mediated knockdown of Cbx3 on FBP1 protein and Fbp1 mRNA levels in MOVAS cells ( n = 3). v , w Effects of the H-PROTAC (1 μM, 2 μM) on FBP1 protein and Fbp1 mRNA levels in MOVAS cells ( n = 3). x The effects of exogenous CBX3 on FBP1 protein level in MOVAS cells. y Mechanism diagram. Bar charts are presented as mean ± SD. All experiments were performed with at least three biologically independent replicates with consistent results, and the points represent individual biological samples. Unpaired two-sided Student’s t -test ( b , c , e , g , i , q , s ) and one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test ( k , m , o , u , w ) were performed. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. NC normal control, DMED diabetes mellitus-induced erectile dysfunction, FBP1 fructose-1,6- bisphosphatase 1, H3K9me3 histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation, H3K27me3 histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation, SUV39H1 suppressor of variegation 3-9 homolog 1, EZH2 enhancer of zeste homolog 2, EV empty vector, CBX3 chromobox protein homolog 3.
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    MedChemExpress hy n2019 actinomycin d mce
    a Histone methylation modifiers binding to the FBP1 promoter sequence identified from the ChIP-Atlas public database. b , c The ChIP-qPCR assay confirming the interaction between H3K9me3/H3K27me3 and Fbp1 in MOVAS cells ( n = 3). d , e The protein expressions of H3K9me3 and H3K27me3 in mice ( n = 3). f , g The protein expressions of methyltransferases related to H3K9me3 and H3K27me3 in mice ( n = 3). h , i Effects of Suv39h1 overexpression on H3K9me3 as well as on FBP1 protein and Fbp1 mRNA levels in MOVAS cells ( n = 3). j , k Effects of siRNA-mediated knockdown of Suv39h1 on H3K9me3 as well as on FBP1 protein and Fbp1 mRNA levels in MOVAS cells ( n = 3). l , m Effects of a Suv39h1 inhibitor <t>(chaetocin,</t> 25, 50 nM) on FBP1 protein and Fbp1 mRNA levels in MOVAS cells ( n = 3). n CBX3 binding to the Fbp1 promoter sequence identified from the ChIP-Atlas public database. o The ChIP-qPCR assay confirming the interaction between CBX3 and Fbp1 in MOVAS cells ( n = 3). p , q The protein expressions of CBX3 in mice ( n = 3). r , s Effects of Cbx3 overexpression on FBP1 protein and Fbp1 mRNA levels in MOVAS cells ( n = 3). t , u Effects of siRNA-mediated knockdown of Cbx3 on FBP1 protein and Fbp1 mRNA levels in MOVAS cells ( n = 3). v , w Effects of the H-PROTAC (1 μM, 2 μM) on FBP1 protein and Fbp1 mRNA levels in MOVAS cells ( n = 3). x The effects of exogenous CBX3 on FBP1 protein level in MOVAS cells. y Mechanism diagram. Bar charts are presented as mean ± SD. All experiments were performed with at least three biologically independent replicates with consistent results, and the points represent individual biological samples. Unpaired two-sided Student’s t -test ( b , c , e , g , i , q , s ) and one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test ( k , m , o , u , w ) were performed. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. NC normal control, DMED diabetes mellitus-induced erectile dysfunction, FBP1 fructose-1,6- bisphosphatase 1, H3K9me3 histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation, H3K27me3 histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation, SUV39H1 suppressor of variegation 3-9 homolog 1, EZH2 enhancer of zeste homolog 2, EV empty vector, CBX3 chromobox protein homolog 3.
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    MedChemExpress m0253 chaetocin mce
    a Histone methylation modifiers binding to the FBP1 promoter sequence identified from the ChIP-Atlas public database. b , c The ChIP-qPCR assay confirming the interaction between H3K9me3/H3K27me3 and Fbp1 in MOVAS cells ( n = 3). d , e The protein expressions of H3K9me3 and H3K27me3 in mice ( n = 3). f , g The protein expressions of methyltransferases related to H3K9me3 and H3K27me3 in mice ( n = 3). h , i Effects of Suv39h1 overexpression on H3K9me3 as well as on FBP1 protein and Fbp1 mRNA levels in MOVAS cells ( n = 3). j , k Effects of siRNA-mediated knockdown of Suv39h1 on H3K9me3 as well as on FBP1 protein and Fbp1 mRNA levels in MOVAS cells ( n = 3). l , m Effects of a Suv39h1 inhibitor <t>(chaetocin,</t> 25, 50 nM) on FBP1 protein and Fbp1 mRNA levels in MOVAS cells ( n = 3). n CBX3 binding to the Fbp1 promoter sequence identified from the ChIP-Atlas public database. o The ChIP-qPCR assay confirming the interaction between CBX3 and Fbp1 in MOVAS cells ( n = 3). p , q The protein expressions of CBX3 in mice ( n = 3). r , s Effects of Cbx3 overexpression on FBP1 protein and Fbp1 mRNA levels in MOVAS cells ( n = 3). t , u Effects of siRNA-mediated knockdown of Cbx3 on FBP1 protein and Fbp1 mRNA levels in MOVAS cells ( n = 3). v , w Effects of the H-PROTAC (1 μM, 2 μM) on FBP1 protein and Fbp1 mRNA levels in MOVAS cells ( n = 3). x The effects of exogenous CBX3 on FBP1 protein level in MOVAS cells. y Mechanism diagram. Bar charts are presented as mean ± SD. All experiments were performed with at least three biologically independent replicates with consistent results, and the points represent individual biological samples. Unpaired two-sided Student’s t -test ( b , c , e , g , i , q , s ) and one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test ( k , m , o , u , w ) were performed. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. NC normal control, DMED diabetes mellitus-induced erectile dysfunction, FBP1 fructose-1,6- bisphosphatase 1, H3K9me3 histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation, H3K27me3 histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation, SUV39H1 suppressor of variegation 3-9 homolog 1, EZH2 enhancer of zeste homolog 2, EV empty vector, CBX3 chromobox protein homolog 3.
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    MedChemExpress n2019
    a Histone methylation modifiers binding to the FBP1 promoter sequence identified from the ChIP-Atlas public database. b , c The ChIP-qPCR assay confirming the interaction between H3K9me3/H3K27me3 and Fbp1 in MOVAS cells ( n = 3). d , e The protein expressions of H3K9me3 and H3K27me3 in mice ( n = 3). f , g The protein expressions of methyltransferases related to H3K9me3 and H3K27me3 in mice ( n = 3). h , i Effects of Suv39h1 overexpression on H3K9me3 as well as on FBP1 protein and Fbp1 mRNA levels in MOVAS cells ( n = 3). j , k Effects of siRNA-mediated knockdown of Suv39h1 on H3K9me3 as well as on FBP1 protein and Fbp1 mRNA levels in MOVAS cells ( n = 3). l , m Effects of a Suv39h1 inhibitor <t>(chaetocin,</t> 25, 50 nM) on FBP1 protein and Fbp1 mRNA levels in MOVAS cells ( n = 3). n CBX3 binding to the Fbp1 promoter sequence identified from the ChIP-Atlas public database. o The ChIP-qPCR assay confirming the interaction between CBX3 and Fbp1 in MOVAS cells ( n = 3). p , q The protein expressions of CBX3 in mice ( n = 3). r , s Effects of Cbx3 overexpression on FBP1 protein and Fbp1 mRNA levels in MOVAS cells ( n = 3). t , u Effects of siRNA-mediated knockdown of Cbx3 on FBP1 protein and Fbp1 mRNA levels in MOVAS cells ( n = 3). v , w Effects of the H-PROTAC (1 μM, 2 μM) on FBP1 protein and Fbp1 mRNA levels in MOVAS cells ( n = 3). x The effects of exogenous CBX3 on FBP1 protein level in MOVAS cells. y Mechanism diagram. Bar charts are presented as mean ± SD. All experiments were performed with at least three biologically independent replicates with consistent results, and the points represent individual biological samples. Unpaired two-sided Student’s t -test ( b , c , e , g , i , q , s ) and one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test ( k , m , o , u , w ) were performed. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. NC normal control, DMED diabetes mellitus-induced erectile dysfunction, FBP1 fructose-1,6- bisphosphatase 1, H3K9me3 histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation, H3K27me3 histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation, SUV39H1 suppressor of variegation 3-9 homolog 1, EZH2 enhancer of zeste homolog 2, EV empty vector, CBX3 chromobox protein homolog 3.
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    Image Search Results


    Suv39h2 degradation failure disrupted ZGA and embryonic development via preventing H3K9me3 reduction. (A) Suv39h2 mRNA levels in NC and CQ-treated groups. ** p < 0.01. (B) Representative confocal images (left) and fluorescence intensity (right) of SUV39H2 in NC and CQ-treated groups. Scale bar: 50 μm, ** p < 0.01. (C) Representative images (left) and blastocyst rates (right) of nc and Suv39h2 -overexpressing embryos. Scale bar: 50 μm, *** p < 0.001. (D) GSEA of ZGA genes in Suv39h2 -overexpressing embryos. (E) Representative confocal images (left) and fluorescence intensity (right) of H3K9me3 in NC and CQ-treated groups. Scale bar: 50 μm, ** p < 0.01. (F) H3K9me3 peak signal in NC and CQ-treated groups. (G) UCSC browser track showing H3K9me3 peaks at representative loci in NC and CQ-treated groups. (H) Bar plot showing the enrichment score of CQ gain and CQ loss peaks at different classes of ltr. (I) Heatmap showing the H3K9me3 signals on MERVL-int ranked by relative changes after CQ treatment. (J) Representative images (left) and blastocyst rate (right) of NC, CQ treated and CQ+chaetocin groups. Scale bar: 50 μm, *** p < 0.001, * p < 0.05. (K) Representative confocal images (left) and fluorescence intensity (right) of H3K9me3 in NC and CQ-treated groups. Scale bar: 50 μm, ** p < 0.01. (L) GSEA of ZGA genes in CQ+chaetocin treated embryos.

    Journal: Autophagy

    Article Title: Autophagy regulates the maternal-to-zygotic transition through MAP1LC3B-mediated maternal mRNA decay

    doi: 10.1080/15548627.2025.2589911

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Suv39h2 degradation failure disrupted ZGA and embryonic development via preventing H3K9me3 reduction. (A) Suv39h2 mRNA levels in NC and CQ-treated groups. ** p < 0.01. (B) Representative confocal images (left) and fluorescence intensity (right) of SUV39H2 in NC and CQ-treated groups. Scale bar: 50 μm, ** p < 0.01. (C) Representative images (left) and blastocyst rates (right) of nc and Suv39h2 -overexpressing embryos. Scale bar: 50 μm, *** p < 0.001. (D) GSEA of ZGA genes in Suv39h2 -overexpressing embryos. (E) Representative confocal images (left) and fluorescence intensity (right) of H3K9me3 in NC and CQ-treated groups. Scale bar: 50 μm, ** p < 0.01. (F) H3K9me3 peak signal in NC and CQ-treated groups. (G) UCSC browser track showing H3K9me3 peaks at representative loci in NC and CQ-treated groups. (H) Bar plot showing the enrichment score of CQ gain and CQ loss peaks at different classes of ltr. (I) Heatmap showing the H3K9me3 signals on MERVL-int ranked by relative changes after CQ treatment. (J) Representative images (left) and blastocyst rate (right) of NC, CQ treated and CQ+chaetocin groups. Scale bar: 50 μm, *** p < 0.001, * p < 0.05. (K) Representative confocal images (left) and fluorescence intensity (right) of H3K9me3 in NC and CQ-treated groups. Scale bar: 50 μm, ** p < 0.01. (L) GSEA of ZGA genes in CQ+chaetocin treated embryos.

    Article Snippet: In this study, CQ (MedChemExpress, HY-17589A) was used as an autophagy inhibitor, rapamycin (MedChemExpress, HY-10219) as an autophagy activator, and chaetocin (MedChemExpress, HY-N2019) as an inhibitor of SUV39H2.

    Techniques: Fluorescence

    a Histone methylation modifiers binding to the FBP1 promoter sequence identified from the ChIP-Atlas public database. b , c The ChIP-qPCR assay confirming the interaction between H3K9me3/H3K27me3 and Fbp1 in MOVAS cells ( n = 3). d , e The protein expressions of H3K9me3 and H3K27me3 in mice ( n = 3). f , g The protein expressions of methyltransferases related to H3K9me3 and H3K27me3 in mice ( n = 3). h , i Effects of Suv39h1 overexpression on H3K9me3 as well as on FBP1 protein and Fbp1 mRNA levels in MOVAS cells ( n = 3). j , k Effects of siRNA-mediated knockdown of Suv39h1 on H3K9me3 as well as on FBP1 protein and Fbp1 mRNA levels in MOVAS cells ( n = 3). l , m Effects of a Suv39h1 inhibitor (chaetocin, 25, 50 nM) on FBP1 protein and Fbp1 mRNA levels in MOVAS cells ( n = 3). n CBX3 binding to the Fbp1 promoter sequence identified from the ChIP-Atlas public database. o The ChIP-qPCR assay confirming the interaction between CBX3 and Fbp1 in MOVAS cells ( n = 3). p , q The protein expressions of CBX3 in mice ( n = 3). r , s Effects of Cbx3 overexpression on FBP1 protein and Fbp1 mRNA levels in MOVAS cells ( n = 3). t , u Effects of siRNA-mediated knockdown of Cbx3 on FBP1 protein and Fbp1 mRNA levels in MOVAS cells ( n = 3). v , w Effects of the H-PROTAC (1 μM, 2 μM) on FBP1 protein and Fbp1 mRNA levels in MOVAS cells ( n = 3). x The effects of exogenous CBX3 on FBP1 protein level in MOVAS cells. y Mechanism diagram. Bar charts are presented as mean ± SD. All experiments were performed with at least three biologically independent replicates with consistent results, and the points represent individual biological samples. Unpaired two-sided Student’s t -test ( b , c , e , g , i , q , s ) and one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test ( k , m , o , u , w ) were performed. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. NC normal control, DMED diabetes mellitus-induced erectile dysfunction, FBP1 fructose-1,6- bisphosphatase 1, H3K9me3 histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation, H3K27me3 histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation, SUV39H1 suppressor of variegation 3-9 homolog 1, EZH2 enhancer of zeste homolog 2, EV empty vector, CBX3 chromobox protein homolog 3.

    Journal: Nature Communications

    Article Title: Improving erectile function in diabetic male mice by rescuing depalmitoylated FBP1 to reduce cavernosal lactate

    doi: 10.1038/s41467-026-68443-y

    Figure Lengend Snippet: a Histone methylation modifiers binding to the FBP1 promoter sequence identified from the ChIP-Atlas public database. b , c The ChIP-qPCR assay confirming the interaction between H3K9me3/H3K27me3 and Fbp1 in MOVAS cells ( n = 3). d , e The protein expressions of H3K9me3 and H3K27me3 in mice ( n = 3). f , g The protein expressions of methyltransferases related to H3K9me3 and H3K27me3 in mice ( n = 3). h , i Effects of Suv39h1 overexpression on H3K9me3 as well as on FBP1 protein and Fbp1 mRNA levels in MOVAS cells ( n = 3). j , k Effects of siRNA-mediated knockdown of Suv39h1 on H3K9me3 as well as on FBP1 protein and Fbp1 mRNA levels in MOVAS cells ( n = 3). l , m Effects of a Suv39h1 inhibitor (chaetocin, 25, 50 nM) on FBP1 protein and Fbp1 mRNA levels in MOVAS cells ( n = 3). n CBX3 binding to the Fbp1 promoter sequence identified from the ChIP-Atlas public database. o The ChIP-qPCR assay confirming the interaction between CBX3 and Fbp1 in MOVAS cells ( n = 3). p , q The protein expressions of CBX3 in mice ( n = 3). r , s Effects of Cbx3 overexpression on FBP1 protein and Fbp1 mRNA levels in MOVAS cells ( n = 3). t , u Effects of siRNA-mediated knockdown of Cbx3 on FBP1 protein and Fbp1 mRNA levels in MOVAS cells ( n = 3). v , w Effects of the H-PROTAC (1 μM, 2 μM) on FBP1 protein and Fbp1 mRNA levels in MOVAS cells ( n = 3). x The effects of exogenous CBX3 on FBP1 protein level in MOVAS cells. y Mechanism diagram. Bar charts are presented as mean ± SD. All experiments were performed with at least three biologically independent replicates with consistent results, and the points represent individual biological samples. Unpaired two-sided Student’s t -test ( b , c , e , g , i , q , s ) and one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test ( k , m , o , u , w ) were performed. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. NC normal control, DMED diabetes mellitus-induced erectile dysfunction, FBP1 fructose-1,6- bisphosphatase 1, H3K9me3 histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation, H3K27me3 histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation, SUV39H1 suppressor of variegation 3-9 homolog 1, EZH2 enhancer of zeste homolog 2, EV empty vector, CBX3 chromobox protein homolog 3.

    Article Snippet: 13 C-labeled sodium lactate (#HY-B0389S14), 3-MA (#HY-19312), SMER28 (#HY-100200), lactate Chaetocin (#HY-N2019), EPZ6438 (#HY-13803), and sodium oxamate (#HY-W013032A) were purchased from the MedChemExpress.

    Techniques: Methylation, Binding Assay, Sequencing, ChIP-qPCR, Over Expression, Knockdown, Control, Plasmid Preparation

    a – l The results of glucose consumption in MOVAS cells ( n = 3). m Effects of the H-PROTAC on FBP1 expression in MOVAS cells with Fbp1 knockout. n Effects of the chaetocin on FBP1 expression in MOVAS cells with Fbp1 knockout. o Effects of the EPZ6438 on FBP1 expression in MOVAS cells with Fbp1 knockout. p The cavernosal lactate concentrations ( n = 3). q , r Representative images and quantification of ICP ( n = 3). s , t Morphology and quantification of the corpus cavernosum assessed by H&E staining. Scale bars, 200 µm, n = 3. u Representative images of α -SMA (green) immunofluorescence staining. Scale bars, 200 µm. Bar charts are presented as mean ± SD. All experiments were performed with at least three biologically independent replicates with consistent results, and the points represent individual biological samples. Unpaired two-sided Student’s t -test ( a – l ) and one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test ( p , r , t ) were performed. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. DMED diabetes mellitus-induced erectile dysfunction, ICP intracavernous pressure, FBP1 fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1, SUV39H1 suppressor of variegation 3-9 homolog 1, EZH2 enhancer of zeste homolog 2, CBX3 chromobox protein homolog 3.

    Journal: Nature Communications

    Article Title: Improving erectile function in diabetic male mice by rescuing depalmitoylated FBP1 to reduce cavernosal lactate

    doi: 10.1038/s41467-026-68443-y

    Figure Lengend Snippet: a – l The results of glucose consumption in MOVAS cells ( n = 3). m Effects of the H-PROTAC on FBP1 expression in MOVAS cells with Fbp1 knockout. n Effects of the chaetocin on FBP1 expression in MOVAS cells with Fbp1 knockout. o Effects of the EPZ6438 on FBP1 expression in MOVAS cells with Fbp1 knockout. p The cavernosal lactate concentrations ( n = 3). q , r Representative images and quantification of ICP ( n = 3). s , t Morphology and quantification of the corpus cavernosum assessed by H&E staining. Scale bars, 200 µm, n = 3. u Representative images of α -SMA (green) immunofluorescence staining. Scale bars, 200 µm. Bar charts are presented as mean ± SD. All experiments were performed with at least three biologically independent replicates with consistent results, and the points represent individual biological samples. Unpaired two-sided Student’s t -test ( a – l ) and one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test ( p , r , t ) were performed. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. DMED diabetes mellitus-induced erectile dysfunction, ICP intracavernous pressure, FBP1 fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1, SUV39H1 suppressor of variegation 3-9 homolog 1, EZH2 enhancer of zeste homolog 2, CBX3 chromobox protein homolog 3.

    Article Snippet: 13 C-labeled sodium lactate (#HY-B0389S14), 3-MA (#HY-19312), SMER28 (#HY-100200), lactate Chaetocin (#HY-N2019), EPZ6438 (#HY-13803), and sodium oxamate (#HY-W013032A) were purchased from the MedChemExpress.

    Techniques: Expressing, Knock-Out, Staining, Immunofluorescence

    a Mechanisms of FBP1 dysfunction and lactate accumulation in DMED. H3K9me3-mediated repression of Fbp 1 transcription by SUV39H1/CBX3 (targeted by Chaetocin and H-PROTAC), H3K9me3-mediated repression of Fbp1 transcription by EZH2 (inhibited by EPZ6438), and ZDHHC13-mediated palmitoylation impairing FBP1 enzymatic function. b Production and intracavernosal administration of Fbp1 C282S-LNP reduces cavernous lactate levels and rescues erectile function in DMED mice. SUV39H1 suppressor of variegation 3-9 homolog 1, CBX3 chromobox protein homolog 3, FBP1 fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1, EZH2 enhancer of zeste homolog 2, ZDHHC13 zinc finger DHHC-type containing 13, LNP Lipid nanoparticle, DMED diabetes mellitus-induced erectile dysfunction, H3K9me3 histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation, H3K27me3 histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation.

    Journal: Nature Communications

    Article Title: Improving erectile function in diabetic male mice by rescuing depalmitoylated FBP1 to reduce cavernosal lactate

    doi: 10.1038/s41467-026-68443-y

    Figure Lengend Snippet: a Mechanisms of FBP1 dysfunction and lactate accumulation in DMED. H3K9me3-mediated repression of Fbp 1 transcription by SUV39H1/CBX3 (targeted by Chaetocin and H-PROTAC), H3K9me3-mediated repression of Fbp1 transcription by EZH2 (inhibited by EPZ6438), and ZDHHC13-mediated palmitoylation impairing FBP1 enzymatic function. b Production and intracavernosal administration of Fbp1 C282S-LNP reduces cavernous lactate levels and rescues erectile function in DMED mice. SUV39H1 suppressor of variegation 3-9 homolog 1, CBX3 chromobox protein homolog 3, FBP1 fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1, EZH2 enhancer of zeste homolog 2, ZDHHC13 zinc finger DHHC-type containing 13, LNP Lipid nanoparticle, DMED diabetes mellitus-induced erectile dysfunction, H3K9me3 histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation, H3K27me3 histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation.

    Article Snippet: 13 C-labeled sodium lactate (#HY-B0389S14), 3-MA (#HY-19312), SMER28 (#HY-100200), lactate Chaetocin (#HY-N2019), EPZ6438 (#HY-13803), and sodium oxamate (#HY-W013032A) were purchased from the MedChemExpress.

    Techniques: