Concentration Assay:Article Title: The avermectin, emamectin benzoate, kills gram-positive bacteria and targets the cell envelope of Bacillus subtilis
Article Snippet: .. The stock concentration, solvent, and source of avermectins, MOX, and antibiotics used in this study are as follows: EMB (Toronto Research Chemicals, Vaughan, ON, Canada), 50 mg/mL in ethanol; ABM (AK Scientific, Union City, CA, USA), 20 mg/mL in ethanol; DRM (AK Scientific), 40 mg/mL in DMSO; EPM (Sigma-Aldrich, Oakville, ON, Canada), 20 mg/mL in DMSO; IVM (AK Scientific), 40 mg/mL in DMSO; SEL (Sigma-Aldrich), 40 mg/mL in DMSO; and MOX (AK Scientific), 20 mg/mL in ethanol; erythromycin (MP Biomedicals, Solon, OH, USA), 1 mg/mL in water; bacitracin-zinc (AK Scientific), 100 mg/mL in 0.02 N HCl; chloramphenicol (Sigma-Aldrich), 50 mg/mL in ethanol; daptomycin (AK Scientific), 5 mg/mL in methanol; fosfomycin disodium (TCI America, Portland, OR, USA), 50 mg/mL in water; nisin (Sigma-Aldrich), 50 mg/mL in 0.02N HCl; tetracycline (Bio Basic, Markham, ON, Canada), 50 mg/mL in methanol; vancomycin (AK Scientific), 50 mg/mL in water; tunicamycin (Sigma-Aldrich), 5 mg/mL in DMSO; ciprofloxacin (Bio Basic), 10 mg/mL water; rifampicin (AK Scientific), 10 mg/mL in DMSO; kanamycin (Sigma-Aldrich), 50 mg/mL in water; and triclosan (MilliporeSigma), 50 mg/mL in ethanol. ..
Article Title: A Quantitative Toxicogenomics Assay for High- throughput and Mechanistic Genotoxicity Assessment and Screening of Environmental Pollutants
Article Snippet: .. Chemical Source (CAS #; CAT#) Concentration range used in the test (mg/L)a Concentration for Comet test (mg/L) TD50 (mg/kg/day, mice) b 4-Nitroquinoline Noxide (4-NQO) Acros Organics (56-57-5; AC20379- 2500) 2×10-5-2, 10×dilution 0.2 NA Mitomycin C (MMC) RPI corp. (50-07-7; M920100.002) 5×10-6-0.5, 10×dilution 0.5 NA H2O2 ( 35%wt. solution in water) Sigma-Aldrich (7722-84-1; 349887- 500ml) 2.5-80, 2×dilution 40 7540 Benzo [a] pyrene Sigma-Aldrich (50-32-8; B1760250mg) 10-4-10, 10×dilution 1 3.47 Lead (II) nitrate Acros Organics (10099-74-8; AC196071000) 10-6-0.1, 10×dilution 0.01 NA Ibuprofen Acros Organics ( 15687-27-1; AC258610100) 10-6-0.1, 10×dilution 0.01 NA Atrazine AccuStandard (1912-24-9; P-005S) 1.25×10-6- 0.125, 10×dilution 0.125 NA Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) Fisher chemical (76-03-9; A322-100) 0.0008–80, 10×dilution 8 584 Nnitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) CHEM SERVICE INC (62-75-9; N-12572- 250MG) 0.0001–10, 10×dilution 1 0.189 Bromodichloromethane (BDCM) ACROS Organics (75-27-4; 160700100) 0.001–100, 10×dilution 1 47.7 Chlorodibromomethane (CDBM) ALFA AESAR (124-48-1; No.:A16938-06) 0.001–100, 10×dilution NA 139 Formaldehyde 37% by Weight, Fisher Chemical (50-00-0; F79-500) 0.0002–20, 10×dilution 2 43.9 Acetylsalicylic acid; Aspirin Fisher Scientific (50-78-2; S79881) 0.01-1,000, 10×dilution 100 No positive S3 Tetracycline hydrochloride Genlantis Inc (64-75-5; M160025) 0.001-100, 10×dilution 10 No positive Erythromycin MP Biomedicals (190197; 114-07-8) 0.01-1000, 10×dilution 100 No positive Bisphenol A Sigma-Aldrich (80-05-7; 239658-50G) 0.001-100, 10×dilution 10 No positive a The highest concentration for each chemical is up to the maximum noncytotoxic concentration with over 95% cells survives for 24 h exposure (LC5), see details in Figure S1. b data collected from the Carcinogenic Potency Database (http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cpdb). ..
Article Title: The avermectin, emamectin benzoate, kills gram-positive bacteria and targets the cell envelope of Bacillus subtilis .
Article Snippet: .. The stock concentration, solvent, and source of avermectins, MOX, and antibiotics used in this study are as follows: EMB (Toronto Research Chemicals, Vaughan, ON, Canada), 50 mg/mL in ethanol; ABM (AK Scientific, Union City, CA, USA), 20 mg/mL in ethanol; DRM (AK Scientific), 40 mg/mL in DMSO; EPM (Sigma-Aldrich, Oakville, ON, Canada), 20 mg/mL in DMSO; IVM (AK Scientific), 40 mg/mL in DMSO; SEL (Sigma-Aldrich), 40 mg/mL in DMSO; and MOX (AK Scientific), 20 mg/mL in ethanol; erythromycin (MP Biomedicals, Solon, OH, USA), 1 mg/mL in water; bacitracin-zinc (AK Scientific), 100 mg/mL in 0.02 N HCl; chloramphenicol (Sigma-Aldrich), 50 mg/mL in ethanol; daptomycin (AK Scientific), 5 mg/mL in methanol; fosfomycin disodium (TCI America, Portland, OR, USA), 50 mg/mL in water; nisin (Sigma-Aldrich), 50 mg/mL in 0.02N HCl; tetracycline (Bio Basic, Markham, ON, Canada), 50 mg/mL in methanol; vancomycin Month XXXX Volume 0 Issue 0 10.1128/spectrum.00274-25 3 D ow nl oa de d fr om h ttp s: //j ou rn al s. as m .o rg /jo ur na l/s pe ct ru m o n 05 S ep te m be r 20 25 b y 24 05 :a cc 0: 13 07 :b 63 :3 9e 8: 8a 0d :f 54 9: 83 fe . (AK Scientific), 50 mg/mL in water; tunicamycin (Sigma-Aldrich), 5 mg/mL in DMSO; ciprofloxacin (Bio Basic), 10 mg/mL water; rifampicin (AK Scientific), 10 mg/mL in DMSO; kanamycin (Sigma-Aldrich), 50 mg/mL in water; and triclosan (MilliporeSigma), 50 mg/mL in ethanol. .. TABLE 1 Bacterial strains Strain Relevant characteristics Source or reference B. subtilis strains B. subtilis 1A1 trpC2 BGSCa BKK04230 trpC2 Δamj(ydaH)::kan (39) BKK33100 trpC2 ΔliaF::kan (39) BKK33110 trpC2 ΔliaG::kan (39) BKK33120 trpC2 ΔliaH::kan (39) BKK33130 trpC2 ΔliaI::kan (39) BKK33080 trpC2 ΔliaR::kan (39) BKK33090 trpC2 ΔliaS::kan (39) BKK25000 trpC2 ΔpbpA::kan (39) BKK34440 trpC2 ΔpbpE::kan (39) BKK34430 trpC2 ΔracX::kan (39) CAG74399_1 trpC2 No-sgRNA Control Strain (38) BEC15220 trpC2 lacA::Pxyl-dcas9 amyE::Pveg-sgRNA(murG) (38) BEC15230 trpC2 lacA::Pxyl-dcas9 amyE::Pveg-sgRNA(murB) (38) BEC36760 trpC2 lacA::Pxyl-dcas9 amyE::Pveg-sgRNA(murAA) (38) BEC04570 trpC2 lacA::Pxyl-dcas9 amyE::Pveg-sgRNA(murF) (38) BEC01780 trpC2 lacA::Pxyl-dcas9 amyE::Pveg-sgRNA(glmS) (38) BEC00500 trpC2 lacA::Pxyl-dcas9 amyE::Pveg-sgRNA(glmU) (38) BEC15200 trpC2 lacA::Pxyl-dcas9 amyE::Pveg-sgRNA(murD) (38) BEC01770 trpC2 lacA::Pxyl-dcas9 amyE::Pveg-sgRNA(glmM) (38) BEC16530 trpC2 lacA::Pxyl-dcas9 amyE::Pveg-sgRNA(uppS) (38) BEC29790 trpC2 lacA::Pxyl-dcas9 amyE::Pveg-sgRNA(murC) (38) BEC15190 trpC2 lacA::Pxyl-dcas9 amyE::Pveg-sgRNA(mraY) (38) BEC15180 trpC2 lacA::Pxyl-dcas9 amyE::Pveg-sgRNA(murE) (38) E. coli strains E. coli BW25113 E. coli K-12 BW25113 wild type: Δ(araD-araB)567 ΔlacZ4787(::rrnB-3) rph-1 Δ(rhaDrhaB)568 hsdR514 Keio Collection E. coli BW25113ΔbamBΔtolC BW25113 in which bamB and tolC were deleted to create a hyperpermeable, efflux-deficient strain (40) Other strains Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus Rosenbach (ATCC 25923) Quality control strain, clinical isolate ATCC Staphylococcus epidermidis (Winslow and Winslow) Evans (ATCC 12228) Quality control strain ATCC Enterococcus faecalis (Andrewes and Horder) Schleifer and Kilpper-Balzz (ATCC 29212) Quality control strain, isolated from urine ATCC Aeromonas hydrophila (Chester) Stanier (ATCC 7966) Quality control strain, isolated from tin of milk ATCC Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica (ex Kauffmann and Edwards) Le Minor and Popoff serovar Typhimurium (ATCC 14028) Quality control strain, isolated from pooled heart and liver tissues of four-week-old chickens ATCC Klebsiella quasipneumoniae Brisse et al. (ATCC 700603) Quality control strain, isolated from urine of hospitalized patient, produces extended-spectrum β-lactamase (SHV-18) ATCC Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 PAO1 prototroph Poole, K Yersinia enterocolitica subsp. enterocolitica (Schleifstein and Coleman) Frederiksen (ATCC 23715) Applications in enteric disease research and media testing ATCC aBGSC, Bacillus Genetic Stock Centre.
Solvent:Article Title: The avermectin, emamectin benzoate, kills gram-positive bacteria and targets the cell envelope of Bacillus subtilis
Article Snippet: .. The stock concentration, solvent, and source of avermectins, MOX, and antibiotics used in this study are as follows: EMB (Toronto Research Chemicals, Vaughan, ON, Canada), 50 mg/mL in ethanol; ABM (AK Scientific, Union City, CA, USA), 20 mg/mL in ethanol; DRM (AK Scientific), 40 mg/mL in DMSO; EPM (Sigma-Aldrich, Oakville, ON, Canada), 20 mg/mL in DMSO; IVM (AK Scientific), 40 mg/mL in DMSO; SEL (Sigma-Aldrich), 40 mg/mL in DMSO; and MOX (AK Scientific), 20 mg/mL in ethanol; erythromycin (MP Biomedicals, Solon, OH, USA), 1 mg/mL in water; bacitracin-zinc (AK Scientific), 100 mg/mL in 0.02 N HCl; chloramphenicol (Sigma-Aldrich), 50 mg/mL in ethanol; daptomycin (AK Scientific), 5 mg/mL in methanol; fosfomycin disodium (TCI America, Portland, OR, USA), 50 mg/mL in water; nisin (Sigma-Aldrich), 50 mg/mL in 0.02N HCl; tetracycline (Bio Basic, Markham, ON, Canada), 50 mg/mL in methanol; vancomycin (AK Scientific), 50 mg/mL in water; tunicamycin (Sigma-Aldrich), 5 mg/mL in DMSO; ciprofloxacin (Bio Basic), 10 mg/mL water; rifampicin (AK Scientific), 10 mg/mL in DMSO; kanamycin (Sigma-Aldrich), 50 mg/mL in water; and triclosan (MilliporeSigma), 50 mg/mL in ethanol. ..
Article Title: The avermectin, emamectin benzoate, kills gram-positive bacteria and targets the cell envelope of Bacillus subtilis .
Article Snippet: .. The stock concentration, solvent, and source of avermectins, MOX, and antibiotics used in this study are as follows: EMB (Toronto Research Chemicals, Vaughan, ON, Canada), 50 mg/mL in ethanol; ABM (AK Scientific, Union City, CA, USA), 20 mg/mL in ethanol; DRM (AK Scientific), 40 mg/mL in DMSO; EPM (Sigma-Aldrich, Oakville, ON, Canada), 20 mg/mL in DMSO; IVM (AK Scientific), 40 mg/mL in DMSO; SEL (Sigma-Aldrich), 40 mg/mL in DMSO; and MOX (AK Scientific), 20 mg/mL in ethanol; erythromycin (MP Biomedicals, Solon, OH, USA), 1 mg/mL in water; bacitracin-zinc (AK Scientific), 100 mg/mL in 0.02 N HCl; chloramphenicol (Sigma-Aldrich), 50 mg/mL in ethanol; daptomycin (AK Scientific), 5 mg/mL in methanol; fosfomycin disodium (TCI America, Portland, OR, USA), 50 mg/mL in water; nisin (Sigma-Aldrich), 50 mg/mL in 0.02N HCl; tetracycline (Bio Basic, Markham, ON, Canada), 50 mg/mL in methanol; vancomycin Month XXXX Volume 0 Issue 0 10.1128/spectrum.00274-25 3 D ow nl oa de d fr om h ttp s: //j ou rn al s. as m .o rg /jo ur na l/s pe ct ru m o n 05 S ep te m be r 20 25 b y 24 05 :a cc 0: 13 07 :b 63 :3 9e 8: 8a 0d :f 54 9: 83 fe . (AK Scientific), 50 mg/mL in water; tunicamycin (Sigma-Aldrich), 5 mg/mL in DMSO; ciprofloxacin (Bio Basic), 10 mg/mL water; rifampicin (AK Scientific), 10 mg/mL in DMSO; kanamycin (Sigma-Aldrich), 50 mg/mL in water; and triclosan (MilliporeSigma), 50 mg/mL in ethanol. .. TABLE 1 Bacterial strains Strain Relevant characteristics Source or reference B. subtilis strains B. subtilis 1A1 trpC2 BGSCa BKK04230 trpC2 Δamj(ydaH)::kan (39) BKK33100 trpC2 ΔliaF::kan (39) BKK33110 trpC2 ΔliaG::kan (39) BKK33120 trpC2 ΔliaH::kan (39) BKK33130 trpC2 ΔliaI::kan (39) BKK33080 trpC2 ΔliaR::kan (39) BKK33090 trpC2 ΔliaS::kan (39) BKK25000 trpC2 ΔpbpA::kan (39) BKK34440 trpC2 ΔpbpE::kan (39) BKK34430 trpC2 ΔracX::kan (39) CAG74399_1 trpC2 No-sgRNA Control Strain (38) BEC15220 trpC2 lacA::Pxyl-dcas9 amyE::Pveg-sgRNA(murG) (38) BEC15230 trpC2 lacA::Pxyl-dcas9 amyE::Pveg-sgRNA(murB) (38) BEC36760 trpC2 lacA::Pxyl-dcas9 amyE::Pveg-sgRNA(murAA) (38) BEC04570 trpC2 lacA::Pxyl-dcas9 amyE::Pveg-sgRNA(murF) (38) BEC01780 trpC2 lacA::Pxyl-dcas9 amyE::Pveg-sgRNA(glmS) (38) BEC00500 trpC2 lacA::Pxyl-dcas9 amyE::Pveg-sgRNA(glmU) (38) BEC15200 trpC2 lacA::Pxyl-dcas9 amyE::Pveg-sgRNA(murD) (38) BEC01770 trpC2 lacA::Pxyl-dcas9 amyE::Pveg-sgRNA(glmM) (38) BEC16530 trpC2 lacA::Pxyl-dcas9 amyE::Pveg-sgRNA(uppS) (38) BEC29790 trpC2 lacA::Pxyl-dcas9 amyE::Pveg-sgRNA(murC) (38) BEC15190 trpC2 lacA::Pxyl-dcas9 amyE::Pveg-sgRNA(mraY) (38) BEC15180 trpC2 lacA::Pxyl-dcas9 amyE::Pveg-sgRNA(murE) (38) E. coli strains E. coli BW25113 E. coli K-12 BW25113 wild type: Δ(araD-araB)567 ΔlacZ4787(::rrnB-3) rph-1 Δ(rhaDrhaB)568 hsdR514 Keio Collection E. coli BW25113ΔbamBΔtolC BW25113 in which bamB and tolC were deleted to create a hyperpermeable, efflux-deficient strain (40) Other strains Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus Rosenbach (ATCC 25923) Quality control strain, clinical isolate ATCC Staphylococcus epidermidis (Winslow and Winslow) Evans (ATCC 12228) Quality control strain ATCC Enterococcus faecalis (Andrewes and Horder) Schleifer and Kilpper-Balzz (ATCC 29212) Quality control strain, isolated from urine ATCC Aeromonas hydrophila (Chester) Stanier (ATCC 7966) Quality control strain, isolated from tin of milk ATCC Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica (ex Kauffmann and Edwards) Le Minor and Popoff serovar Typhimurium (ATCC 14028) Quality control strain, isolated from pooled heart and liver tissues of four-week-old chickens ATCC Klebsiella quasipneumoniae Brisse et al. (ATCC 700603) Quality control strain, isolated from urine of hospitalized patient, produces extended-spectrum β-lactamase (SHV-18) ATCC Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 PAO1 prototroph Poole, K Yersinia enterocolitica subsp. enterocolitica (Schleifstein and Coleman) Frederiksen (ATCC 23715) Applications in enteric disease research and media testing ATCC aBGSC, Bacillus Genetic Stock Centre.
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