d galactose  (Chem Impex International)

Journal: Molecular Psychiatry

Article Title: Cadherin 11 regulates presynaptic vesicle trafficking and neuronal activity in autism-related brain circuit

doi: 10.1038/s41380-025-03141-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) In situ hybridization of Cdh11 at different developmental stages in mouse brains. ACC, anterior cingulate cortex; CPu, caudate putamen. ( B and C ) Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunofluorescence double staining indicate higher expression of Cdh11 in neurogranin-positive neurons compared to GAD67-positive neurons in the ACC ( B ) and hippocampus ( C ). ( D ) FISH following retrograde tracing indicates Cdh11 expression in ACC neurons that project to the nucleus accumbens (NAc), dorsal striatum (DS), and basolateral amygdala (BLA), and all scale bars are 200 µm. Both 3D projection images and the XZ and YZ optical planes illustrate the localization of FISH signal within retrogradely labeled neurons. See also Figure . ( E and F ) Representative images of Western blots and relative expression levels of CDH11 in the cortex ( E ) and hippocampus ( F ) at different developmental stages ( n = 3 mice/stage). Relative expression levels of CDH11 are presented as mean ± S.E.M. A P value of ≤ 0.05 determined by Dunn’s nonparametric test was considered statistically significant. ( G ) Schematic of cortex protein isolation from synaptosomes (Syn), presynaptic membranes (Pre-Syn), and postsynaptic membranes (Post-Syn). ( H and I ) Western blotting of CDH11 in different synaptic fractions from wild-type (WT) and conditional knockout mice with Cdh11 gene ablation in the pyramidal lineage of the forebrain by the Emx1-Cre (EcKO). Red asterisks in ( I ) indicate the estimated molecular weight of CDH11. Cytosol, Cyt. See also Figure .

Article Snippet: The Cdh11 -flox mouse allele was generated by Cyagen Biosciences (TKC-160218-AJH-01, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China) on a C57BL/6J genetic background.

Techniques: In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence, Immunofluorescence, Double Staining, Expressing, Retrograde Tracing, Labeling, Western Blot, Isolation, Knock-Out, Molecular Weight

Journal: Molecular Psychiatry

Article Title: Cadherin 11 regulates presynaptic vesicle trafficking and neuronal activity in autism-related brain circuit

doi: 10.1038/s41380-025-03141-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A and B ) Schematic representations of Cdh11 -flox allele generation ( A ) and the cell-specific Cre expression periods in various mouse lines ( B ). ( C and D ) Western blots ( C ) and relative expression levels ( D ) of CDH11 in the ACC and hippocampus from KO, EcKO, α cKO, and DcKO mice and their WT littermates ( n = WT/mutant: 3/3, 3/3, 6/6, and 3/3) ( E – H ) Quantification of the duration and frequency of self-grooming in KO ( E ), EcKO ( F ), α cKO ( G ) and DcKO ( H ) mice and WT littermates ( n = WT/mutant: 14/13, 11/14, 12/10, and 11/15). ( I – M ) Schematic diagram ( I ) and quantitative results of the 3-stage sociability test in KO ( J ), EcKO ( K ), α cKO ( L ), and DcKO ( M ) mice and WT littermates ( n = WT/mutant: 14/15, 20/13, 12/8, and 12/11). SI: Social interaction. Quantitative data from the Western blot analysis and the duration and frequency of self-grooming are presented as mean ± S.E.M., with individual values shown as dots. A P value of ≤ 0.05 determined by a two-tailed Student’s t -test was considered significant. Two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test was used for J to M. See also Figure .

Article Snippet: The Cdh11 -flox mouse allele was generated by Cyagen Biosciences (TKC-160218-AJH-01, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China) on a C57BL/6J genetic background.

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot, Mutagenesis, Two Tailed Test

Journal: Molecular Psychiatry

Article Title: Cadherin 11 regulates presynaptic vesicle trafficking and neuronal activity in autism-related brain circuit

doi: 10.1038/s41380-025-03141-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Schematic diagrams of CaMKIIα-Cre injections into the ACC of Cdh11 -flox mice at P0, P7, and P30. ( B – D ) Western blot analysis of CDH11 expression in the ACC following injection of Cre-EGFP or control EGFP virus at P0 ( B ), P7 ( C ), and P30 ( D ) ( n = EGFP/Cre: 4/4, 3/3, and 7/7). ( E – J ) Quantification of grooming duration ( E, G, I ) and frequency ( F, H, J ) in mice with or without Cdh11 knockout induced at P0, P7, or P30 via injection of Cre-EGFP or control EGFP virus ( n = EGFP/Cre: 10/10, 7/6, and 9/8). ( K ) Schematic diagrams of AAV-CaMKIIα- Cdh11 injections into the ACC of adult EcKO and KO mice. ( L ) Western blot analysis of CDH11 expression in the ACC after virus injection on day 14, 21 and 30. ( M – P ) Quantification of grooming duration ( M and O ) and frequency ( N and P ) in EcKO ( M and N ) and KO ( O and P ) mice ( n = 10/group). Data are presented as mean ± S.E.M., with individual values shown as dots. A P value of ≤ 0.05, determined by either a two-tailed or a one-tailed ( $ P ) Student’s t -test or a two-tailed nonparametric Mann-Whitney test ( n P ), as appropriate, was considered significant. See also Figure .

Article Snippet: The Cdh11 -flox mouse allele was generated by Cyagen Biosciences (TKC-160218-AJH-01, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China) on a C57BL/6J genetic background.

Techniques: Western Blot, Expressing, Injection, Control, Virus, Knock-Out, Two Tailed Test, One-tailed Test, MANN-WHITNEY

Journal: Molecular Psychiatry

Article Title: Cadherin 11 regulates presynaptic vesicle trafficking and neuronal activity in autism-related brain circuit

doi: 10.1038/s41380-025-03141-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Gene Ontology (GO) analysis for Biological Process (BP) and Cellular Component (CC) of downregulated proteins in the ACC of EcKO vs. WT mice. GO terms with a false discovery rate (FDR) of < 0.05. ( B ) Heatmap of differentially expressed proteins in the ACC of EcKO vs. WT mice. ( C and D ) Western blots ( C ) and relative expression levels ( D ) of CDH11, VTI1A, and MAGI2 in ACC ( n = 6 WT/6 EcKO for CDH11 and VTI1A; n = 7 WT/7 EcKO for MAGI2). ( E ) GO analysis for BP and CC of downregulated proteins in cortical synaptosomes of EcKO vs. WT mice. GO terms with an FDR < 0.05. ( F ) Heatmap of differentially expressed proteins in cortical synaptosomes of EcKO vs. WT mice. ( G and H ) Western blots ( G ) and the relative expression levels ( H ) of CDH11, UNC13A, SYT1, STX1B ( n = 7 mice/group) in cortical synaptosome preparations. ( I and J ) GO analysis ( I ) and volcano plot ( J ) of proteins immunoprecipitated by CDH11 from P7 cortical tissue lysates. ( K ) Schematic illustration of CDH11 co-immunoprecipitation. ( L ) Western blots of co-immunoprecipitated STX17 with CDH11. See also Figures - . ( M and N ) Representative images of excitatory ( M ) and inhibitory ( N ) synapses captured by transmission electron microscopy. ( O – Q and R – T ) Quantification of excitatory ( O – Q ) and inhibitory ( R – T ) synaptic ultrastructure: number of presynaptic vesicles ( O and R ), synaptic cleft width ( P and S ), and distance of synaptic vesicles to the presynaptic membrane ( Q and T ) ( n = 3 mice/group). Data are presented as mean ± S.E.M, with individual values represented as dots. A P value of ≤ 0.05, determined by either a one-tailed ( $ P ) or two-tailed Student’s t -test, or a one-tailed ( n$ P ) or two-tailed ( n P ) nonparametric Mann-Whitney test, as appropriate, was considered significant.

Article Snippet: The Cdh11 -flox mouse allele was generated by Cyagen Biosciences (TKC-160218-AJH-01, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China) on a C57BL/6J genetic background.

Techniques: Western Blot, Expressing, Immunoprecipitation, Transmission Assay, Electron Microscopy, Membrane, One-tailed Test, Two Tailed Test, MANN-WHITNEY